131 



Pectoral girdle and fin 



In cyprinids, bones in the pectoral girdle include coracoid, mesocoracoid, scapula, post- 

 temporal, supracleithrum, cleithrum, and postcleithrum. The coracoid, mesocoracoid, and 

 scapula are endochondral bones and form the primary pectoral girdle; the remaining are 

 dermal elements and form the secondary pectoral girdle. 



Posttemporal (Fig.82A-D). The posttemporal is an elongated bone and located at the 

 posterolateral side of the neurocranium. It overlaps the epioccipital dorsally and su- 

 pracleithrum ventrally. 



Generally, two conditions are present in shape of the posttemporal in Phoxinus. The post- 

 temporal expands at its ventral portion in P. erythrogaster, oreas, brachyurus, and cum- 

 berlandensis, therefore the dorsal portion of the bone is narrower than the ventral one (TS 

 1 85 [ 1]). The ventral portion does not expand in other species of Phoxinus and in the out- 

 groups (TS 185[0]). The bone partially overlaps the dorsal side of the pterotic in P. cum- 

 berlandensis, oreas, erythrogaster, and eos (TS 186[1]). In P. cumberlandensis, more than 

 half of the bone overlaps the pterotic; in P. oreas and eos, a small posterior portion of the 



Fig. 84: Anterior view of post- 

 cleithrum (A-D), and dorsal 

 view of mesocoracoid (E-H) 

 of Phoxinus. A: P. cumber- 

 landensis (KU 18934, 552.0 

 mm SL); B: P. eos (KU 

 12255, SL 43.0 mm mm); C: 

 P. phoxinus (CNUC uncat., 

 76.0 mm TL); D: P. erythro- 

 gaster (KU 5773, 52.0 mm 

 SL); E: P. erythrogaster (KU 

 5773, 51.5 mm SL); F: P. 

 cumberlandensis (KU 18934. 

 52.0 mm SL); G: P. phoxinus 

 (CNUC uncat., 76.0 mm TL); 

 H: P. eos (KU 12255, 33.0 

 mm SL). Scale bars = 1 mm. 



