154 



7. Sides bearing only one continuous longitudinal stripe (unbroken); 



posterior process of basioccipital bone broad and stout P. tennesseensis 



Side with broken longitudinal stripe(s); posterior process of 

 basioccipital narrow and slender 8. 



8. Side with one longitudinal stripe and a few vertical bars; 

 isthmus and breast dark; intestine length more than 2.5 times 



standard length P. oreas 



Side with two longitudinal stripes without vertical bars; isthmus 

 and breast with few or no melanophores; intestine length about 

 2 times standard length P. erythrogaster 



SPECIES ACCOUNTS 

 Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) 



Synonymy 



Cyprinus aphys Linnaeus, 1758 - Linnaeus 1758: 323 (orig. desc; type locality: Europe) 1 ; 

 Tack 1940a: fig. 17 (larva); Wheeler 1991: 163 (type specimens in the Zoological Muse- 

 um of the University of Uppsala). 



') Abbreviations used in the synonymy are as follows: desc: description; dist.: distribution; orig.: ori- 

 ginal; mis.id.: mis-identification. 



Cyprinus phoxinus Linnaeus, 1758 - Linnaeus 1758: 322 (orig. desc; type locality: 

 Europe); Agassiz 1835: 37 (name); Jordan 1890: 50 (name); Jordan 1924: 71 (name); 

 Mahy 1975c: 618 (name); Gasowska 1979: 371 (name). 



Phoxinus laevis Agassiz - Agassiz 1835: 37 (orig. desc; type locality: Europe); Cope 

 1869: 375 (name); Berg 1905: 196 (name); Nigrelli 1934: 64 (name); Bullough 1940: 

 figs. 1-14 (sexual reversal); Harrington 1950: 306, 309 (name); Medien 1951: 149 (name); 

 Rough 1954: 191 (name); Holz & Weber 1970: 1349, 1350 (nerve fibers in olfactory bulb); 

 Wiley & Collette 1970: 170 (name); Mahy 1975a: 29 (name). 



P. phoxinus Linnaeus - Starmach 1963: 367-368, tabs. I, II, IV , figs.l, 1-7, 10 (mor- 

 phology); Sträskraba et al. 1966: 304 (name); Gentle 1971a: 83. 90, tabs. 1-2, figs.l, 2 (co- 

 lor change); Gentle 1971c: 641, tab. 1, figs.2-7 (color change); Gentle 1972a: 701, tabs. 

 1-2 (physiology, color change); Gentle 1972b: 709, 711 (physiology). 

 P. phoxinus (Linnaeus) 1758 - Berg 1906: 197, 212 (dist., Russia); Cockerell 1909: 216 

 (scales); Frost 1943: 139. tabs. 1-7, figs. 1-9 (life history); Frost 1946: 224 (diet); Jones 

 1956: 271 (behaviour reaction to light intensity); Banarescu 1964: 333-343, figs. 142, 143 

 (whole body), 144 (dist., Asia, Europe); Berinkey 1968: 275, tabs. I -IV (population va- 

 riation); Wiley & Collette 1970: 168, 170 (tubercles); Kulamowicz & Korkuc 1971: 299, 

 301, tabs.1-2 (Morphology); Mann 1971: 155, 166, tabs.13-14 (population); Gentle 1971a: 

 83, 90, figs. 1-4 (color change); Gentle 1971b: 93, 102, figs. 1-8 (color change); Mahy 

 1972: 728 (name); Maitland 1972: 852 (name); Pitcher 1973: 841 (schooling behaviour); 



