I 



217 



Appendix III 



The transformation series used in the analysis of the phylogenetic relationship within the 

 genus Phoxinus. The transformation series numbers corresponding to the TS numbers in 

 the text (page 44-141) and Appendix II. [0] = plesiomorphic, [1], [2], [3] = apomorphic 

 character. 



1) Mouth angle small (<55°) [0] (Fig.l9A), or large (<60°) [1] (Fig.l9B). 



2) Mouth gape not extending to [0] (Fig.l9A), or extending to [1] (Fig.l9B) below the middle of 

 eye pupil. 



3) Dorsal side of nasal septum on the bridge between the anterior and posterior nasal openings smooth 

 [0] (Fig.20B), or concave [1] (Fig.20A). 



4) Middle portion of the anterior margin of anterior nasal opening erect [0] (Fig.20A), or unerect [1] 

 (Fig.20B). 



5) The highest portion of the dorsal margin of primary lamellae of the olfactory organ distant from 

 the axis [0] (Fig.21C), or close to the axis [1] (Fig.21A, B). 



6) Fewer (about 10) [0J, or more (about 16) [1] primary lamellae in the olfactory organ present 

 (Tab.l). 



7) Elongated ellipsoidal type [0] (Fig.21A, B), or linear type [1] (Fig.21C), or shorted ellipsoidal type 

 [2] (Fig. 2 IE) of axes of the olfactory organ. 



8) Body lateral line extending to the caudal peduncle [0] (Fig.22F), or not [1] (Fig.22A, B. D). 



9) Absence [0] (Fig.23C), or presence [1] (Fig.23B) of a fleshy projection at the posterior end of the 

 genital papillae in male. 



10) Absence [0] (Fig.23A), or presence [1] (Fig.23D) of a fleshy projection at the posterior end of 

 the papilla in female. 



11) Type E tubercles absent [0] (Fig.24A), or present [1] (Fig.24B) on dorsal aspect of head (Chen & 

 Arratia 1996). 



12) Tubercles on dorsal aspect of head occuring randomly [0] (Fig.24A), or unrandomly [1] (Fig.24B) 

 (Chen & Arratia 1996). 



13) Type I of tubercles absent [0], or present [1] on pectoral fin (Chen & Arratia 1996). 



14) Tubercles on opercle with low density [0], or high density [1] (Chen & Arratia 1996). 



15) In breeding male, each breast scale bearing less than 12 [0]. or up to 16 [1] tubercles on its apical 

 margin (Chen & Arratia 1996). 



16) In females, Type G tubercle absent [0], or present [1]) on the breast scales (Chen & Arratia 1996). 



17) Tubercles absent [0] (Fig. 25 A), or present [1] (Fig.25B) on the scales between the left and right 

 breast scales of breeding females. 



18) On anterior part of lateral body, tubercles present off from [0] (Fig.26B) or on [1] the apical mar- 

 gin of the scale (Fig.26C). 



19) Fewer (upto six) [0] (Fig.26D), or more (upto 12) [1] (Fig.26E) tubercles present on the apical 

 margin of each scale on caudal peduncle. 



20) Two [0j (Fig.27A), or three [1] (Fig.27B) rows of tubercles on the distal portion of each pecto- 

 ral fin-ray. 



21) Tubercles absent [0], or present [1] on the caudal fin. 



