CONTENTS 



Page 



Abstract 5 



Introduction 5 



Acknowledgements ..." 6 



Material and Methods 6 



Specimen preparation and examination 6 



Taxa studied . '. 7 



The morphology and terminology of the wing articulation and wing base of Scarabaeoidea . 9 



General structure of the wing 9 



The wing articulation 10 



First axillary 10 



Second axillary 11 



Median plate 12 



Third axillary 12 



The wing base .\ 12 



First basal plate 12 



Second basal plate 13 



Basalare 14 



Additional structures 14 



Results and discussion 15 



Description format 15 



Glaresidae 15 



Passalidae 19 



Diphyllostomatidae 23 



Lucanidae 26 



Glaphyridae 30 



Trogidae 34 



Bolboceratidae 38 



Pleocomidae 43 



Geotrupidae 47 



Hybosoridae 51 



Ceratocanthidae 55 



Ochodaeidae 59 



Scarabaeidae 63 



Aphodiinae 64 



Aegialiinae 68 



Aulonocneminae 72 



Scarabaeinae 76 



Orphninae 81 



Melolonthinae 85 



Acoma 89 



Chasmatopterinae 93 



