54 



BMP-BCuA Brace partially reduced; weakly distinct; moderately narrow: formed as a 

 secondary tube-like convexity from the postero-distal margin of 2BP; curves postero- 

 proximad from 2BP postero-distal section; equally broad along the entire length. Anterior 

 section weakly reduced. Posterior section continuous with BCuA. Terminus fused to the 

 anterior section of BCuA. just mesad of the distal margin. 



Medial Basivenalia broad and moderately long; rectangular. Anterior and posterior margins 

 straight. Distal margin concave; strongly elevated from the surrounding membrane. BMA 

 broadly scaphoid; moderately short but broad; completely fused to BMP. Proximal surface 

 weakly convex. Medial and distal surfaces concave. Anterior margin moderately concave. 

 Proximal arch moderately long; planate and falcate: moderately broad; enlarged antero- 

 proximally. Distal arch weakly distinct; moderately broad: extremely short; convex. BMP 

 rectangular: convex; separated from BMA by a shallow concavity; brace fused to BMP. 

 Proximal section moderately broad; rectangular: very weakly separated from BMA; deeply 

 concave. Distal section very weakly separated into anterior and posterior sections; 

 indistinct from MP; rectangular; broad; strongly convex. Postero-distal section less convex 

 than the antero-distal section. 



Cubital Basivenalia moderately narrowly fused; moderately broad and short. Postero- 

 proximal margin of BCuA fused with the antero-proximal margin of BCuP Suture line 

 present. BCuA moderately broad and short: convex: oriented distad; moderately 

 sclerotized. Anterior margin with a moderately broad, but shallow, concavity. Distal 

 margin extended posteriad as a moderately strong, broad convexity. BCuP slender: very 

 weakly convex; oriented posteriad: very weakly sclerotized. Distal embayment broad but 

 moderately shallow. - Cubitus Anterior continuous with BCuA. Junction marked by a 

 shallow groove. 



Basalare (Fig.86) 



Head - HP lobe moderately long and very narrow; continuous with neck. Apex narrowly 

 rounded. Dorsal surface elevated from BScP lobe; not polished. BScP lobe claviform; 

 moderately broad; reduced; projects dorsally from neck. Dorsal surface ovoid: convex; 

 polished; elevated from neck. Ventral surface polished. - Posterior Subcostal Basivenale 

 deltoid; polished. 



Discussion 



This family displays the following two autapomorphic character states of the wing 

 articulation: 



1. lAx: FSc2 is falcate 



2. and broad. 



Hybosorids are thought to occupy an intermediate position between Ochodaeidae and 

 Ceratocanthidae (d'Hotman & Scholtz 1990b: Nel & Scholtz 1990: Scholtz 1990). 

 Analysis of wing articulation and wing base characters supports this position (Browne & 

 Scholtz 1995). Howden & Gill (1988) placed hybosorids between Trogidae and 

 Ceratocanthidae. Analysis of wing articulation and wing base characters does not support 

 such a relationship. Ceratocanthidae are generally considered to be the sister group of 



