84 



margin rounded. Anterior margin depressed below the posterior margin of ScA bulge; 

 extremely narrow; convex; angled antero-proximad. Embayment normal size. Distal arch 

 discontinuous with radial stem; moderately broad; convex; broadly curved proximad; 

 oriented postero-proximad. br strongly sclerotized; occupies about one-third of the 

 proximal arch; discontinuous with BR. br projection slenderly deltoid; concave; distinct 

 from BScA. 



Second Basal Plate (Fig. 134) 



MA-BMA Junction absent. - MP-BMP Junction: MP broadly continuous with BMP; arises 

 from below the BMP-BCuA brace. - Crimp Patterns absent. - BMP-CuA Brace absent. 



- BMP-BCuA Brace present but modified; discontinuous with BMP; entire and greatly 

 strengthened; extends posteriad; slender; equally broad along the entire length; convex; 

 distinct from BMP. Terminus fused to the disto-medial section of BCuA. Point of fusion 

 continuous. 



Medial Basivenalia reduced proximally. BMA broadly scaphoid; completely fused to BMP. 

 Proximal surface convex. Medial and distal surfaces flat. Anterior margin weakly concave. 

 Proximal arch moderately long; planate and straight; oriented antero-proximad; strongly 

 curved ventrad. Apex terminates below distal section of the BR proximal arch apex. Distal 

 arch indistinct; fused to the proximal section of BMP. BMP junction with BMA 

 discontinuous and very broad; fused to brace; markedly convex; separated from both IBP 

 and BCu by membrane. Proximal section moderately broadly deltoid; planate; slopes 

 ventro-distad. Distal section indistinguishable from BMP-BCuA brace; long; broad; 

 rectangular; strongly convex. 



Cubital Basivenalia broadly fused. Postero-proximal margin of BCuA fused with the 

 medial margin of BCuP. Suture line present. BCuA moderately large; convex; oriented 

 postero-distad; lies posteriad of BMP; moderately sclerotized. Anterior margin with a 

 moderately broad, shallow concavity. Distal margin continuous with CuA. BCuP large; 

 ovoid; convex; oriented postero-distad; very weakly sclerotized. Distal embayment small. 



- Cubitus Anterior fused to BCuA. Junction marked by a distinct groove. 



Basalare (Fig. 135) 



Head - HP lobe slender; continuous with neck. Apex narrowly truncate. Dorsal surface 

 weakly elevated from neck; ovoid not polished. BScP lobe claviform; projects posteriad 

 from neck. Dorsal surface weakly deltoid; convex; polished; weakly elevated from neck; 

 slopes ventrad. Ventral surface polished. - Posterior Subcostal Basivenale weakly 

 rectangular; polished. 



Discussion 



Orphninae do not display any apomorphic character states of the wing articulation and 

 wing base but rather are characterized by a plethora of primitive character states of the 

 wing articulation and wing base relative to other members of the orphnine line (Browne 

 1993). 



