35 



Hydrurga 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Monachus monachus 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Ommatophoca 



Cystophora 



Erignathus 



Halichoerus 



Pus a caspica 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Pusa hispida 



Phoca largha 



Pusa sibirica 



Phoca vitulina 



Procyon 



Enh\dra 



Lutra 



Man es 



Ursus 



Odoben us 



Zalophus 



Canis 



Hydrurga 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Ommatophoca 



Cystophora 



Erignathus 



Halichoerus 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Monachus monachus 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Pusa caspica 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Pusa hispida 



Phoca largha 



Pusa sibirica 



Phoca vitulina 



Procyon 



En hydra 



Lutra 



Mart es 



Ursus 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Canis 



H 



Cystophora 

 Erignathus 

 Halichoerus 

 Pusa caspica 

 Histriophoca 

 Pagophilus 

 Pusa hispida 

 Phoca largha 

 Pusa sibirica 

 Phoca vitulina 

 Hydrurga 

 Leptonychotes 

 Lobodon 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Monachus monachus 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Ommatophoca 



Procyon 



En hydra 



Lutra 



Mart es 



Ursus 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Canis 



Monachus monachus 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Cystophora 



Erignathus 



Halichoerus 



Hydrurga 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Ommatophoca 



Pusa caspica 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Pusa hispida 



Phoca largha 



Pusa sibirica 



Phoca vitulina 



Procyon 



En hydra 



Lutra 



Mart es 



Ursus 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Canis 



Fig.4E-H: Monophyly constraint trees used to examine various alternative hypotheses of ingroup 

 relationships: (E) (not) monachinae, (F) (not) phocinae, (G) lobodontini. and (H) (not) monachus. 



