M 



4 



Pu^a caspica 



Pusa hispida 



Pusa sibirica 



Phoca largha 



Phoca vitulina 



Halichoerus 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Cystophora 



Erignathus 



Hydrurga 



Lobodon 



Leptonychotes 



Ommatophoca 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Monachus monachus 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Enhydra 



Lutra 



Mart es 



Procyon 



Urs us 



Odoben us 



Zalophus 



Canis 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus monachus 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Hydrurga 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Ommatophoca 



Cystophora 



Pusa caspica 



Pusa hispida 



Phoca vitulina 



Phoca largha 



Pusa sibirica 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Halichoerus 



Erignathus 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



Enhydra 



Mart es 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



N 



37 



Halichoerus 



Pusa caspica 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Pusa hispida 



Phoca largha 



Pusa sibirica 



Phoca vitulina 



Cystophora 



Erignathus 



Hydrurga 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Ommatophoca 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Monachus monachus 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Ursus 



Procyon 



Enhydra 



Lutra 



Mart es 



Canis 



Pusa caspica 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Pusa hispida 



Phoca largha 



Pusa sibirica 



Phoca vitulina 



Halichoerus 



Erignathus 



Cystophora 



Hydrurga 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Ommatophoca 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Monachus monachus 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



Enhydra 



Mart es 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



Fig.4M-P: Monophyly constraint trees used to examine various alternative hypotheses of ingroup 

 relationships: (M) de muizon. (N) wyss, (O) unweighted, and (P) condense. 



