57 



Pusa hispida 

 Phoca vitulina 

 Pusa caspica 

 Phoca largha 

 Pusa sibirica 

 Histriophoca 

 Pagophilus 

 Erignathus 

 Halichoerus 

 Cystophora 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus monachus 



Lobodon 



Ommatophoca 



Leptonychotes 



Hydrurga 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



En hydra 



Mart es 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



B 



Pusa hispida 

 Pusa sibirica 

 Phoca vitulina 

 Pusa caspica 

 Phoca largha 

 Histriophoca 

 Pagophilus 

 Erignathus 

 Halichoerus 

 Cystophora 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus monachus 



Lobodon 



Ommatophoca 



Leptonychotes 



Hydrurga 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



Enhydra 



Mart es 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



Fig.9: Cladograms resulting from a successive approximations analysis. Characters were reweighted 

 according to their (A) CI and (B) RI or RC from the overall parsimony analysis (with each solution 

 being identical between maximum, minimum, and average fit of the respective goodness-of-fit 

 statistic). Both trees of length = 69,842 steps, CI = 0.456, HI = 0.770. RI = 0.629. RC = 0.407. 



