74 



K 



Pusa hispida 



Pusa sibirica 



Phoca vitulina 



Pusa caspica 



Phoca largha 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Halichoerus 



Erignathus 



Cystophora 



Ommatophoca 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Hydrurga 



Monachus monachus 



Monachus schmiinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



Enhydra 



Martes 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



Pusa hispida 

 Pusa sibirica 

 Pusa caspica 

 Phoca largha 

 Phoca vitulina 

 Histriophoca 

 Pagophilus 

 Erignathus 

 Halichoerus 

 Cystophora 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus monachus 



Lobodon 



Ommatophoca 



Leptonychotes 



Hydrurga 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



Enhydra 



Martes 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



Pusa hispida 

 Pusa sibirica 

 Phoca vitulina 

 Pusa caspica 

 Phoca largha 

 Histriophoca 

 Pagophilus 

 Erignathus 

 Halichoerus 

 Cystophora 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus monachus 



Lobodon 



Ommatophoca 



Leptonychotes 



Hydrurga 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



Enhydra 



Martes 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



Pusa hispida 

 Pusa sibirica 

 Pusa caspica 

 Phoca largha 

 Phoca vitulina 

 Histriophoca 

 Pagophilus 

 Erignathus 

 Halichoerus 

 Cystophora 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus monachus 



Lobodon 



Ommatophoca 



Leptonychotes 



Hydrurga 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



Enhydra 



Martes 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



Fig.l4I-L: Cladograms resulting from a constraint analysis examining various alternative hypotheses 

 of ingroup relationships: (I) (not) monachus *, (J) relaxed Burns & Fay *, (K) strict Burns & Fay. 

 and (L) phoca. An asterisk indicates a majority rule consensus solution, where, unless otherwise 

 indicated, all nodes were found in 100% of the equally most parsimonious solutions. See also Fig.4 

 and Tab. 4. 



