75 



M 



Pusa hispida 



Pusa sibirica 



Pusa caspica 



Phoca largha 



Phoca vitulina 



Halichoerus 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Cystophora 



Erignathus 



Hydnirga 



Lobodon 



Leptonychotes 



Ommatophoca 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus monachus 



Enhydra 



Lutra 



Mart es 



Procyon 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Ursus 



Canis 



N 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Phoca vitulina 



Phoca largha 



Pusa hispida 



Pusa sibirica 



Pusa caspica 



Halichoerus 



Cystophora 



Erignathus 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Hydrurga 



Ommatophoca 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Monachus monachus 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Ursus 



Enhydra 



Lutra 



Martes 



Procyon 



Canis 



O 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus monachus 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Hydrurga 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Ommatophoca 



Cystophora 



Pusa hispida 



Phoca vitulina 



Pusa caspica 



Phoca largha 



Pusa sibirica 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Halichoerus 



Erignathus 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



Enhydra 



Martes 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



Pusa hispida 



Pusa sibirica 



Pusa caspica 



Phoca largha 



Phoca vitulina 



Histriophoca 



Pagophilus 



Halichoerus 



Erignathus 



Cystophora 



Leptonychotes 



Lobodon 



Ommatophoca 



Hydrurga 



Mirounga angustirostris 



Mirounga leonina 



Monachus schauinslandi 



Monachus tropicalis 



Monachus monachus 



Odobenus 



Zalophus 



Lutra 



Enhydra 



Martes 



Procyon 



Ursus 



Canis 



Fig.l4M-P: Cladograms resulting from a constraint analysis examining various alternative hypotheses 

 of ingroup relationships: (M) de muizon, (N) wyss, (O) unweighted *, and (P) condense *. An asterisk 

 indicates a majority rule consensus solution, where, unless otherwise indicated, all nodes were found 

 in 100% of the equally most parsimonious solutions. See also Fig.4 and Tab.4. 



