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Recent Excavations at Stonehenge. 



Excavation I. 2 HL. 8 inches below the surface. 



" Large Brass" or sestertius of Commodus, with figure of " Nobilitas " 

 on the reverse. Struck a.d. 187. 



Excavation V. 4 HM. 12 inches below the surface. 



A coin, may be a " ticket." Eoman or early Anglo-Saxon. If the latter 

 it would be an ornament. 



Excavation III. 5 DM. 10 inches below the surface. 

 Pewter farthing of James II. (1665-1688). 



Excavation III. 4 HE. Just below the turf. 

 Halfpenny. George I. Struck 1722. 



Excavation Q. Surface layer. 

 Halfpenny. George II. 



Excavation I. 3 B.M. 8 inches below the surface. 

 Penny. George III. 



The Erection of Stonehenge. 



Transport of the Stones. — Our special concern will now be to see 

 how the stones could have been brought to Stonehenge, the manner 

 in which they were shaped, and the means adopted for setting 

 them up. For these ends no elaborate engineering appliances were 

 required, neither was a knowledge of metals necessary. All the 

 operations could be efficiently carried out with tools of stone and 

 deer's horn, trunks of trees, and ropes of hide. 



As regards the working and erection of the stones, the excavations 

 have yielded sufficient material to make clear to us, generally, the 

 manner in which these operations were performed, although some 

 minor points still remain shrouded in obscurity. 



On the other hand, as regards the transport of the blocks, they 

 throw but little light. For the solution of this problem we have, 

 therefore, to turn to the examples of similar work in countries 

 where primitive methods for moving heavy bodies are still, or have 

 been recently practised. 



In Japan, where megalithic remains abound, and where the use 

 of rude massive stones was common almost up to our own times, 

 and even now is occasionally seen, enormous blocks were transported 

 for considerable distances without the aid of any appliances which 

 were beyond the reach of the men of the neolithic age. 



In the walls of the Castle of Osaka, built in the seventeenth 



