By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.J.O. 



19 



demarkation between them. The base of the monolith at its 

 lowest point, 8 feet 3 inches below the datnm line, was found to 

 be resting on a ledge of chalk rock, the exact breadth of which 

 could not be determined, as the rock at its edge passed imperceptibly 

 into very hard chalk rubble. It did not, however, probably extend 

 further than 1 foot 6 inches beyond the front of the stone, that 

 being the breadth of the rock exposed in Layer 14, Division HE. 



An important feature of this excavation was the very small 

 quantity of chippings of the stones which occurred in it as com- 

 pared with the excavations L, II., and III., at the back of the 

 monolith. The chippings, too, were chiefly found in the south-east 

 half. They comprised all the rocks, and pieces of broken sarsen 

 hammers tones were unusually abundant. 



The "bluestone" monolith, No. 68, was exposed down to its 

 base, which was reached in layer 13 at a depth of 6 feet 3 inches 

 below the datum line. Immediately beneath its lowest point a 

 rudely trimmed sarsen hammers tone was found. 



In Layer 14, Division AM, an important find was made, viz., a 

 flat rectangular piece of sarsen, measuring about 7 inches by 6 inches 

 by 2| inches, with one of its surfaces tooled as Fig. 13, and having 

 on the other a very small thin stain of copper carbonate. 



In Layer 5 the end of a very large block of sarsen projecting 

 from beneath the recumbent stone, 55<x, was laid bare (Figs. 2 and 

 8.) The purpose for which this block originally served has already 

 been pointed out. 



Of the other objects found the following are the chief : — 



Four axes. Flint. 



One axe. Compact sarsen. 



Three hammerstones with edge. Flint. 



One hammerstone. Sarsen. 



One hammerstone. Diabase. 



From the nature of the section of the ground revealed by this 

 excavation, and by Excavations I., II., and III., on the opposite 

 side of the base of the stone, we are led to the irresistible conclusion, 

 the importance of which will be evident later, that this monolith 

 was originally set up by raising it from the interior of the circle. 



c 2 



