By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.I.C. 17 



Layers 7, 8, and 9 yielded the following implements : — 



Ten axes. Flint. 



One axe. Argillaceous sandstone. 



Nine hammerstones with edge. Flint. 



Four hammerstones rounded. Flint. 



Ten hammerstones rounded. Compact sarsen. 



Seven large mauls. Compact sarsen. Weights from 36 pounds 2 ounces 

 to 58 pounds 7 ounces. 



In addition to the large find of stone tools, another important 

 result of this excavation is the discovery of the blocks of sarsen 

 mentioned above, from which we learn how the stone No. 55 was 

 secured in an upright position after it had been .erected. 



No well-defined cutting in the chalk to indicate the original 

 position of the base of this stone was seen except the shallow 

 cavity shown in Fig. 8, from which a block of sarsen was removed. 

 The blocks of sarsen, too, on the south-west of the excavation were 

 rather confusedly jumbled owing to their displacement by the 

 falling of the stone. But there cannot be the slightest doubt that 

 they formed the packing of the back of its base, and the two larger 

 blocks and the stone mauls that of the front. The base must 

 therefore originally have occupied the space between them, and 

 this would bring this upright of the trilithon into line with its 

 companion, No. 56. 1 When the stone No. 55 fell it seems to have 

 jumped in a south-west direction, so that its lower half now lies 

 over the cavity in which it once stood. 



If we now refer to Fig. 2, a striking feature of the Excavations 

 III. and Q is manifest, viz., that all the tools found, with but few 

 exceptions, occurred in them, either in or near the cavity occupied 

 by No. 55 before its fall. They had doubtless been thrown in 

 around this stone when it was being set up, the mauls having been 

 wedged in below the front of its base to act together with the large 

 blocks of sarsen as supports. 



Excavation V. — Figs. 2 and 9. 



This was begun after the leaning stone had been set upright to 

 the south-west. The whole of the ground was of an entirely 



1 See Fig. 8, in which the position of No. 56 is indicated by a dotted outline. 

 VOL. XXXIII. — NO. XCIX. C 



