22 The Ethnology of Wiltshire, as illustrated in the Place-Names. 



JIuisk (Domesday Iliwi), Cyra. Iiwch (swine) ; Chiltem (Domesday 

 Cheltre), Cym. Cel-tre (a place of refuge). 



To the Celts, whether Cymry or Belgaa, succeeded the Romans, 

 who have left their marks unmistakably on the surface of the land. 

 That they conquered and colonized the district is certain, but they 

 have not left behind them the magnificent works constructed in 

 other quarters. There are no grand castfa such as Pevensevj in 

 Sussex, Richborough, in Kent, and Burgh Castle, in Suffolk. The 

 camps of Vespasian and Constantius Chlorus are merely earthen 

 entrenchments. The Romans appear to have utilised the earthworks 

 they found in the country, of which they were many, the land having 

 been very populous before their arrival. The names they gave their 

 stations were Cymric with Latin terminations Corinium (now Ciren- 

 cester), probably from its circular form eor\ Sorhioduuum, Sarum,or 

 Salisbury (Saresbury), Cym. siriaw-din, the pleasant hill ; Dumovaria 

 (Dorchester), Cym. Dwr^novion, the flowing water. 



There were six Roman roads crossing the county. 1st, a road 

 from Bath (Aquae Solis), along the western side to Cirencester 

 (Corinium), forming part of the great Fossway extending across 

 the island from the English Channel to the German Ocean ; 2nd, a 

 road from Salisbury westward, to Wells (ad Aquas) ; 3rd, a road 

 called Julian Street, running due east from Bath, passing the base 

 of Silbury Hill, and continuing by Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum) 

 by what is called the Devil's Causeway, to the passage over the 

 Thames at Staines ; 4th, two roads running eastward from Salisbury, 

 one N.E, to Silchester, the other S.W. to Winchester (Venta 

 Belgarum), Cym. Caer-gwerit ; 5th, a road S.W. from Salisbury to 

 Porchester; 6th, Ermin Street, running from Cirencester, S.E. to 

 Spinse (Speen) and Silchester. 



The Roman roads (strata) were called by the Saxons streets from 

 the fact of their being paved, and thus they can usually be traced 

 by the names of the towns on their lines. In Wiltshire, several of 

 the roads besides those mentioned have preserved the name of street, 

 as Long Street, Short Street, Broad Street, High Street, &c. There 

 are several Strat-ford, Strat-ton, and several Stantons, but except the 

 stations already mentioned the Roman camps seem to have been 



