CHAPTER II. 



1530—1551. 



FOUNDING OF THE VICEROYALTY OF NEW SPAIN. NEW AUDIENCIA 



FUENLEAL MENDOZA. EARLY ACTS OF THE FIRST VICE- 

 ROY COINAGE. REBELLION IN JALISCO VICEROY SUP- 

 PRESSES IT. COUNCIL OF THE INDIES ON RERARTIMIENTOS. 



INDIAN SERVITUDE. QUIVARA EXPEDITIONS OF CORONADO 



AND ALARCON. PEST IN 1546 REVOLUTION COUNCIL OF 



BISHOPS. MINES ZAPOTECS REVOLT MENDOZA REMOVED 



TO PERU. 



Antonio de Mendoza, Count of Tendilla, 

 I. Viceroy of New Spain. 

 1530 — 1551. 



In the year 1530, the accusations received in Spain against 

 Nuno de Guzman, and the oidores Matinezo and Delgadillo, who at 

 that period ruled in Mexico under royal authority, were not only 

 so frequent, but of so terrible a character, that Charles V., resolved 

 to adopt some means of remedying the evils' of his transatlantic 

 subjects. He was about to depart from Spain however, for Flan- 

 ders, and charged the Empress to adopt the necessary measures 

 for this purpose during his absence. This enlightened personage, 

 perceiving the difficulty of ruling so distant, extended and rich an 

 appendage of the Spanish crown, by inferior officials alone, wisely 

 determined to establish a Viceroyalty in New Spain. It was a 

 measure which seemed to place the two worlds in more loyal 

 affinity. The vice king, it was supposed, would be the impersona- 

 tion of sovereignty, the direct representative of the national head, 

 and would always form an independent and truthful channel of 

 information. His position set him, eminently, above the crowd of 

 adventurers who were tempted to the shores of America ; and, re- 

 movable at the royal pleasure, as well as selected from among 

 those Spanish nobles whose fidelity to the crown was unquestion- 

 able, there was but little danger that even the most ambitious 

 subject would ever be tempted to alienate from the Emperor the 

 affection and services either of emigrants or natives. 



