206 INDIAN WARS DUKE DE ALBURQUERQUE VICEROY. 



where, however, they did not long remain faithful to their promised 

 allegiance. The new garrison was established, as had been com- 

 manded by the viceroy ; but, in 1652, the relentless tribes, again 

 seizing an unguarded moment, burned the barracks, and destroyed 

 in the flames a number of Spaniards, two Franciscan monks, and 

 a Jesuit priest. The soldiery of Barraza and the governor retired 

 from the doomed spot, amid showers of Indian arrows. 



In 1653, the war was resumed. The whole country was aroused 

 and armed against these hitherto invincible bands. Other Indian 

 tribes were subdued by the Spanish forces, and their arms were 

 then, once more, turned upon the Tarahumares, at a moment when 

 the Indian chiefs were distant from the field. But the absence of 

 the leaders neither dismayed nor disconcerted these relentless 

 warriors. The Spaniards were again forced to retire ; and the 

 viceroy caused an extensive enlistment to be undertaken, and large 

 sums appropriated to crush or pacify the audacious bands. Before 

 the final issue and subjugation, however, the Conde de Alvadeliste, 

 received the king's command to pass from Mexico to the govern- 

 ment of Peru, and, awaiting only the arrival of his successor, he 

 sailed from Acapulco for his new viceroyalty. 



Don Francisco Fernandez de la Cueva, 

 Duke de Alburquerque, 

 XXII. Viceroy of New Spain. 

 1654 — 1660. 



The Duke of Alburquerque, who had married the Dona Juana, 

 daughter of the former viceroy, Don Lope Diaz de Armendariz, 

 arrived in Mexico on the 16th of August, 1654, as successor of 

 Alvadeliste. His accession was signalized by unusually splendid 

 ceremonies in the capital, and the new viceroy immediately 

 devoted himself to the improvement of Mexico, as well as to the 

 internal administration of affairs. He zealously promoted the pub- 

 lic works of the country; labored diligently to finish the cathedral; 

 devoted himself, in hours of leisure, to the promotion of literature 

 and the fine arts ; regulated the studies in the university ; and 

 caused the country to be scoured for the apprehension of robbers 

 and vagabonds who infested and rendered insecure all the high- 

 ways of the colony. Great numbers of these wretches were soon 

 seized and hanged after summary trials. 



