CHAPTER XIII. 

 1760—1771. 



MARQUES DE CRUILLAS VICEROY. CHARLES III. PBO CLAIMED. 



HAVANA TAKEN BY THE BRITISH. MILITARY PREPARATIONS 



PEACE PESTILENCE. GALVEZ VISITADOR REFORMS 



TOBACCO MONOPOLY. DE CROIX VICEROY. THE JESUITS 



THEIR EXPULSION FROM SPANISH DOMINIONS THEIR ARRIVAL 



IN EUROPE BANISHED. CAUSES OF THIS CONDUCT TO THE 



ORDER. ORIGIN OF THE MILITARY CHARACTER OF MEXICO. 



Don Joaquim de Monserrat, Marques de Cruillas, 

 XLIV. Viceroy of New Spain. 

 1760—1766. 



In 1761, soon after the entrance of the Marques de Cruillas into 

 Mexico, the ceremony of proclaiming the accession of Charles III, 

 to the throne, was performed with great pomp, by the viceroy, the 

 nobles, and the municipality. But the period of rejoicing was 

 short, for news soon reached Mexico, that war was again declared 

 between Spain and England ; a fact which was previously con- 

 cealed, in consequence of the interception of despatches that 

 had been sent to Havana. Don Juan de Prado was the governor 

 of that important point, and he, as well as the viceroy of Mexico, 

 had consequently been unable to make suitable preparations for the 

 attacks of the British on the West Indian and American posses- 

 sions of Spain. 



In the meantime an English squadron, which had recruited its 

 forces and supplied itself with provisions in Jamaica, disembarked 

 its troops without resistance, on the 6th of June, two leagues 

 east of the Moro Castle. The Havanese fought bravely with 

 various success against the invaders until the 30th of July, 

 when the Spaniards, satisfied that all further defence was vain and 

 rash, surrendered the Moro Castle to the foe. On the 13th 

 of August the town also capitulated ; private property and the 

 rights of religion being preserved intact. By this conquest the 



