MINES STATE OF GUANAJUATO, BOUNDARIES, EXTENT. 309 



taro has become interesting in our history, inasmuch as it was the 

 city in which the treaty of peace between Mexico and the United 

 States was finally ratified by the Mexican Congress in 1848. 



The other important towns are those of San Juan del Rio, San 

 Pedro de la Canada, and Cadereyta. 



The chief mining district, and the only one of any note in the 

 State, is that of El Doctor, in the district of Cadereyta. Its princi- 

 pal veins are those of El Doctor and San Cristoval ; but famous as 

 they once were, they are now of but little importance. The quick- 

 silver mine of San Onofre, in the same region, is also failing. 



The mining districts of El Doctor, Rio Blanco, Maconi and Es- 

 canelella, contain 216 mines — divided as follows : five of gold ; 193 

 of silver ; 7 of copper ; 1 of lead ; 1 of tin ; 6 of quicksilver ; 2 

 of antimony ; 1 of jaldre. 



THE STATE OF GUANAJUATO. 



The State of Guanajuato is comprehended between 20° and 21° 

 49' of north latitude,- and 0° 31' 05" and 2° 51' of longitude west 

 from the meridian of Mexico, and is situated upon the grand Mexi- 

 can Cordillera. It is bounded on the north by the State of San 

 Luis Potosi, on the south by Mechoacan, on the east by Queretaro, 

 and on the west by Jalisco and Zacatecas. Its superficial extent is 

 1,545 Mexican leagues of 26^ to the degree. With the exception 

 of the State of Queretaro, Guanajuato is the smallest of the Republic, 

 yet it contains, comparatively, the greatest number of inhabitants, as 

 will be seen hereafter. 



Large portions of the soil of Guanajuato are fertile ; especially 

 the magnificent and productive plains of the Bajio, in the southern 

 part of the State, which extend for more than 34 leagues from 

 Apasco to beyond Leon; — and, in the north, where the splendid 

 plains or Llanos of San Felipe spread far and wide. 



All the Sierra of Santa Rosa forms a chain of porphyritic moun- 

 tains and elevations of greater or less elevation, which pass under 

 the general name of Cerros. The highest of these, two leagues 

 north of the capital is known as the Cerro de los Llanitos. It rises 

 to the height of 3,359 varas above the level of the sea, and is the 

 loftiest in the State. Besides these, there are the Cerros del Gigante, 

 El Cubilete, La Bufa, La Garrida, La Beata and San Juan de 

 Mendoza. 



The river Lerma, anciently known as Tolotlan, and commonly 

 ^^sVnated in Guanajuato as the Rio Grande, is the only one which 



