BOOK VI. 



THE TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO 



AND 



THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA; 



AS PARTS OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



THE TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. 



EXPLORATION OF THE FAR WEST LONG, NICOLLET, FREMONT 



SANTA FE TRADE FIRST ADVENTURERS CARAVANS NEW 



MEXICO ERECTED BY CONGRESS INTO A TERRITORY GEOLOGI- 

 CAL STRUCTURE OF NEW MEXICO THE RIO GRANDE ITS 



VALUE SOIL PRODUCTS IRRIGATION CATTLE INDIANS 



MINES GOLD SILVER COPPER IRON GYPSUM SALT 



CLIMATE PUEBLO INDIANS WILD INDIANS ENUMERATED 



NUMBER OF PUEBLO INDIANS CENSUS PROXIMATE PRESENT 



POPULATION CHARACTER OF PEOPLE AND GOVERNMENT 



SANTA FE ALBURQUERQUE VALLEY OF TOAS STATISTICS OF 



SANTA FE TRADE, ETC. ITINERARY FROM FORT LEAVENWORTH 



TO SANTA FE AND EL PASO. 



It was not until a few years ago that the people of the United 

 States generally began to turn their attention to the development of 

 those vast regions lying in the far west and along the shores of the 

 Pacific Ocean. An occasional adventurer or foreign traveller re- 

 turned from the Rocky Mountains after a pleasant but wild sojourn 

 among the trappers and Indians, and told his romantic stories to ea- 

 ger listeners. At length, Major Long penetrated their recesses," — 

 Nicollet sought the sources of the Mississippi, — and Fremont not 

 only pushed his way beyond them, but traversed the majestic snow- 

 buried summits of the Sierra Nevada and explored the genial 

 lands lying at their feet in California. 



Meanwhile a trade had grown up, midway from the Atlantic to 

 the Pacific, between our western cities and the northern States of 

 Mexico. But this, too, was an intercourse of mingled adventure, 

 romance and commerce. Its objects and results were not generally 

 known or recounted in the^gazettes. Its hardy pursuers who were 



