WILD INDIANS ENUMERATED. 



359 



They speak different dialects and sometimes broken Spanish. For 

 the government of their communities they select a Cacique and a 

 council, and in war are led by a Capitan. In religious rites they 

 mingle Catholicism and Paganism. Their villages are very regu- 

 larly built ; though sometimes, there is but one large house of sev- 

 eral stories, with a vast number of small rooms, in which all the 

 inhabitants of the pueblo are quartered ! Instead of doors in front, 

 traps are made on the roofs of their dwellings to which they ascend 

 by a ladder that is withdrawn during the night so as to secure them 

 from surprise or attack. Their dress consists of moccasins, short 

 breeches and a woollen jacket or blanket; their black hair is usually 

 worn long, while bows and arrows together with a lance and some- 

 times a gun compose their weapons. 1 



The late Governor, Charles Bent, in a report to the United States 

 Government from Santa Fe in 1846, presents the following state- 

 ment of the tribes and numbers of the Wild Indians, who reside 

 or roam in the regions which were then supposed to be comprised 

 in New Mexico. Bent's perfect familiarity with a district in which 

 he had so long dwelt or traded, renders his enumeration of these 

 savages an important historical fact in the history of the newly ac- 

 quired Territory. 



Apaches or Jicarillas, 100 lodges comprising 500 souls. 



Apaches proper, 



800 or 900 " 



u 



5,500 



Utahs, Grande Unita 



rivers, 600 " 



u 



3,000 



Utahs, Southern, 



200 " 



u 



1,400 



Navajos, 



1,000 families 



u 



7,000 



Moques, 



350 " 



u 



2,450 



Comanches, 



2,500 lodges 



a 



12,000 



Cayugas, 



400 " 



a 



2,000 



Cheyennes, 



300 « 



a 



1,500 



Arapahoes, 



400 " 



a 



1,600 



Total, 







36,950 



According to a report made in October, 1849, by Mr. James S. 

 Calhoun, Indian Agent at Santa Fe, the following summary of the 

 Pueblos, and Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, is based on a census 



1 We have used the full account given by Dr. Wislizenius, with but slight altera- 

 tions of his language, because it is the most complete, consistent and satisfactory that 

 we have encountered in our researches: We could neither improve its method or 

 condense its matter. He is a close observer ; an accurate thinker ; an industrious 

 traveller, and relates always from his personal observation. 



