THE SECOND VOLUME. 



xiii 



Formation No. 1. — Formation No. 2. — Formation No. 3. — Formation No. 4. 

 — Great Development of Formation No. 4 in Rupert's Land. — Fossils. — 

 Steatitic Minerals. — Analysis of. — Anomia Flemingi. — Inosceramus Cana- 

 densis. — Leda Hindi. — Scapliites Nodosus. — Clay Iron-stone. — Bands of 

 this Formation. — Distribution of. — Richness of. — Analysis of. — Forma- 

 tion No. 5 of the Nebraska Section. — Its Occurrence on the Flanks of 

 Rocky Mountains. — Fossils of. — Avicula Linguaeforniis. — Avicula Ne- 



brascana. — Nautilus Dekayi. Tertiary Formations. — Lignite on the 



Riding and Duck Mountains. — Sand Dunes probably derived from Ter- 

 tiary Rocks. — Tertiary Coal. — Lignite Basin of the Missouri. — Lignite on 

 the North Saskatchewan. — On Red Deer River. — On the South Branch. 

 — Lignites of Oregon and British Columbia . . . Page 818 



CLIMATE OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF RUPERT'S LAND. 

 CHAP. XLI. 



Climate of the Laurentides and the Prairies. — Frozen Lakes. — Mean 

 Annual Temperature. — Arid and Humid Region. — Sources of Humidity. 

 — Aridity West of the 98th Meridian. — Mississippi Valley. — Arid Region 

 of the United States. — Humid Region of the Valley of Lake Winnipeg. — 

 Causes of. — Elevation of the Country. — Humid Pacific Winds. — North- 

 easterly Current. — The Arid Region. — Prevailing Winds. — Source of the 

 Humidity. — Rocky Mountain Plateau. — Depression in. — Table of Eleva- 

 tion of Plateau and Passes. — Hail Storms. — Thunder Storms in 1858. — 

 Progress of Dunes. — Summer Surface Wind. — Meteorology of Red River, 



— Winter Temperatures. — Winter Temperatures at Montreal. — Cold 

 Terms. — Quebec Temperatures. — Climate of the South Branch of the 

 Saskatchewan. — Limit of permanently frozen Soil. — Growth of Forests. 

 Tail of the Prairies. — Prairies Converted into Forest Land in Missouri. 



— Character of the Great Plains- in the United States. — Major Emory's 

 Statement. — Auroras. — October 2nd. — October 27th. — The Twilight 

 Bow. — Indian Summer ........ 853 



CHAP. XLI1. 



THE LOCUSTS AND THE FLOODS. 



The Locusts. — General Distribution of the Insect. — Distinction between 

 Crickets, Grasshoppers, and Locusts. — The Locust of the North-West. — 

 Acrydium Femur-rubrum. — Description of the Insect. — Male and Female. 



