196 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



IV. ZOOGEOGRAPHY. 



1. On the Mammals and Winter Birds of East Florida. . . .and a Sketch of the 

 Bird Faunae of Eastern North America. <Bull. Mus. Corny. Zodl., II, No. 3, 

 April, 1871, pp. 161-450. 



Part V. On the Geographical Distribution of the Birds of Eastern North America, with 

 special reference to the Number and Circumscription of the Ornithological Faunae, pp. 375- 

 425; List of Authorities, pp. 426-450. 



"In accordance with the facts stated above respecting the mode of the distribution of 

 animals and plants over the earth's surface, and the zoological and botanical laws of the 

 differentiation and mutual relations of the different regions, the following primary natural 

 history divisions may be recognized: I, an Arctic Realm; 1 II, a North Temperate Realm; 

 III, an American Tropical Realm; IV, an Indo-African Tropical Realm; V, a South Ameri- 

 can Temperate Realm; VI, an African Temperate Realm; VII, an Antarctic Realm; VIII, 

 an Australian Realm" (p. 380). 



For eastern North America are recognized the following seven fauna?: (1) Floridian, (2) 

 Louisianian, (3) Carolinian, (4) Alleghanian, (5) Canadian, (6) Hudsonian, (7) American 

 Arctic. Their boundaries and their characteristic species of birds are given (pp. 387-404), 

 and they are further considered with reference to mammals and reptiles (pp. 404-406) . 



The species of North American birds are considered and tabulated with reference to their 

 geographical ranges (pp. 407-418). General remarks on the distribution and migration of 

 the birds of the Eastern Province (pp. 418-425). A Ribliography of ornithological works and 

 papers, or "List of Authorities," relating to North America occupies pages 426-450, geo- 

 graphically arranged by States and countries, and numbering 346 titles — much the largest 

 list of papers relating to North American ornithology that appeared prior to 1878. 



1878. 



2. The Geographical Distribution of the Mammalia, considered in relation to the 



principal Ontological Regions of the Earth, and the Laws that govern the 

 Distribution of Animal Life. <Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., IV, 

 No. 2, pp. 313-337, May 3, 1878. 



I. General considerations, with criticism of the life-regions proposed by Dr. P. L. Sclater 

 and supported by Mr. Alfred R. Wallace, pp. 313-329; II. Mammalian Regions of the 

 Globe, pp. 329-373; III. General Summary, pp. 373-377. 



The primary divisions are essentially as laid down in 1871 (see above), except that a 

 South African Temperate Realm is admitted, and Madagascar is recognized as an additional 

 Realm, designated as the Lemurian Realm. Under these are defined regions of secondary 

 and tertiary rank where such subdivisions seemed to be required. 



1891. 



3. Merriam's 'Results of a Biological Survey of the San Francisco Mountain 



Region and Desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona.' <Auk, VIII, pp. 95-98, 

 Jan., 1891. 



Review of Dr. C. Hart Merriam's paper of this title (N. Amer. Fauna, No. 3, Sept. 11, 

 1898), mainly with reference to the portion relating to 'Generalizations concerning the Distri- 

 bution of Life in North America.' 



1 Divisions I and II are essentially the same as Triarctic of Heilprin (1882), renamed Holarctic by 

 Heilprin in 1883, by suggestion of Alfred Newton, and since commonly known as Holarctic by those 

 who reject the Sclaterian system of zoogeographical divisions. Arctogsea of Huxley (1868) is more 



