CONTENTS 



Page 



Abstract 5 



Zusammenfassung 6 



1. Introduction 7 



Acknowledgements 10 



2. Material and methods 11 



3. General description and morphological discussion of the postabdomen and of the male 



genital region of Dictyoptera 14 



3.1. The cuticular elements 14 



3.2. The musculature 22 



4. Terminologies and abbreviations 23 



4.1. The terminology for the sclerites of the phallomere complex 23 



4.2. Abbreviations for other sclerites of the postabdomen 27 



4.3. The terminology for the formative elements 27 



4.4. The terminology for the muscles 28 



4.5. The terminology for the articulations 29 



4.6. Survey of the terminologies used 29 



4.7. Abbreviations in the figures 1-321 30 



5. Descriptions of phallomeres and postabdomina 32 



5.1. Sphodromantis sp. (Mantodea, Mantidae) 34 



5.2. Metallyticus violaceus (Mantodea, Metallyticidae) 42 



5.3. Chaeteessa caudata (Mantodea, Chaeteessidae) 46 



5.4. Mantoida schraderi (Mantodea, Mantoididae) 48 



5.5. Archiblatta hoeveni (Blattaria, Blattidae, Blattinae) 59 



5.6. Eurycotis floridana (Blattaria, Blattidae, Polyzosteriinae) 61 



5.7. Tryonicus parvus (Blattaria, Blattidae, Tryonicinae) 74 



5.8. Polyphaga aegyptiaca (Blattaria, Polyphagidae, Polyphaginae) 83 



5.9. Cryptocercus piinctulatus (Blattaria, Cryptocercidae) 97 



5.10. Lamproblatta albipalpiis (Blattaria, Blattidae, Lamproblattinae) 108 



5.11. Anaplecta sp. (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Anaplectinae) 119 



5.12. Nahublattella sp. (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Plectopterinae) 134 



5.13. Parcoblatta lata (Blattaria, Blattellidae, Blattellinae) 146 



5.14. Blaberus craniifer (Blattaria, Blaberidae) 160 



5.15. Further species 172 



6. Homology relations and character states 173 



6.1. Left complex 1: Main sclerites LI and L6 and associated elements 180 



6.2. Left complex II: Main sclerite L2 and associated elements 188 



6.3. Left complex III: Main sclerites L4 and LIO and associated elements 213 



6.4. Left complex IV: Main sclerite L3 and associated elements 23 1 



6.5. Left complex V: Further main sclerites and muscles 234 



6.6. Left complex VI: The position of the phallomere-gland opening 236 



6.7. The elements of the right phallomere 237 



6.8. The muscles connecting the left complex and the right phallomere 258 



6.9. The phallomero-sternal muscles 259 



6.10. The subgenital plate and associated structures 266 



6.11. The peripheral muscles 267 



6.12. The terminal part of the abdomen 270 



6.13. The asymmetry of the phallomere complex 271 



