7. The ground-plan and the evolution of the phallomere complex and the phylogeny 



of Blattaria and Mantodea 274 



7.1. The common ground-plan of the phallomere complex of Blattaria and Mantodea . . 275 



7.2. The evolution of the phallomere complex and the phylogeny in Mantodea 



(= subgroup 1.) 278 



7.3. The evolution of the phallomere complex and the phylogeny in Blattaria 



(= subgroup 2.) 281 



7.4. Survey of phylogeny and aut/synapomorphies 292 



7.5. Remarks on the polarity and evolution of some characters 298 



7.6. Conflicts in the distribution of character states 308 



7.7. Conclusions in terms of phylogeny 313 



7.8. Conclusions in terms of the side-reversal of the phallomere complex 316 



7.9. Remarks on the procedure in the phylogenetic analysis and on character lists 



and character state matrices 316 



8. Homology relations according to Mizukubo & Hirashima (1987) and general remarks 



on the analysis of homology relations 321 



9. Homology relations according to Grandcolas (1994) and the phylogenetic position of 

 Cryptocercus 327 



9.1. Discussion of the homology relations assumed by Grandcolas 328 



9.2. The phylogenetic position of Cryptocercus 333 



Conclusions 337 



Literature cited 338 



Appendix: Synonymy of the terminologies for the phallomere elements 340 



