25 



The terminology for Blattaria and Mantodea used in this paper 



The terminology of Mizukubo & Hirashima will not be employed since I do not agree 

 with the assumptions of these authors (discussion in chapter 8.). I will use a modified 

 version of McKittrick's terminology and apply it to both Blattaria and Mantodea. There 

 are three reasons why the terminology of McKittrick is not adopted unchanged, and I will 

 procede in the following way: 



1. Reason: The tripartition in McKittrick's terminology (L, V, R) reflects the earlier view 

 of Snodgrass (1936) that the ventral phallomere is a medioventral basic element of the 

 phallomere complex. In my view the ventral phallomere = ventral lobe via is a ventral 

 part of the left half of the phallomere complex (= left complex). 



1. Procedure: All sclerites of the left complex will get L, all sclerites of the right 

 phallomere will get R in the first position of their names. 



2. Reason: Like Mizukubo & Hirashima (1987), I cannot accept the view of McKittrick 

 that the phallomeres of Cryptocercus are closest to the primitive Blattarian type and should 

 be used as a reference type. I have taken the common ground-plan of the phallomeres of 

 Blattaria and Mantodea (compare in 3.1.) as the basis of my terminology. The ground- 

 plan pattern I assume for the phallomere sclerites is rather different from that proposed 

 by McKittrick (compare fig.321e-i and McKittrick 1964, fig. 106). 



2. Procedure: Each sclerotisation that is assumed to be present as one isolated and 

 undivided sclerite in its most primitive condition within the taxon comprising all Blattaria 

 and Mantodea and their last common stem-species is designated as a main sclerite. Hence, 

 these main sclerites can be (1) sclerites of the common ground-plan of Blattaria and 

 Mantodea or (2) sclerites formed de novo (not by the division of sclerites already present 

 before) in any subgroup of Blattaria or Mantodea. Each main sclerite will get its own 

 number in the second position of its name. In the description in 3.1. these are the sclerites 

 LI, L2, L3, L4, L5, Rl, R2, and R3. Numbering is arbitrary. If any of these main sclerites 

 becomes divided, the whole of its descendants is called sclerite group LI, L2, etc.. 



Unfortunately, for many sclerotisations the most primitive condition and the evolution are 

 not completely clear, and there is in many cases, and to various extents, some uncertainty 

 about whether a certain sclerotisation fulfils the definition of a main sclerite. As regards 

 the sclerotisations shown in fig.321, LI, Rl, and R3 are assumed to be isolated and 

 undivided sclerites in the common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea (fig.321e-i). 

 L3, L5, and R2 are also isolated and undivided in their most primitive states, but they 

 are possibly not yet present in this ground-plan; however, if a later origin is really true 

 for them, they can be at least assumed to be new sclerotisations, not split off descendants 

 of ground-plan sclerites. To regard L2 and L4 as two main sclerites is somewhat 



subjective: (1) L2 and L4 are primitively connected in between the processes paa and 

 pda (fig.321e,g); the interspace between paa and pda is here defined as the border between 

 L2 and L4. (2) For L4 it is not clear whether it has been present as one, two, or three 

 sclerites in the ground-plan (the latter alternative is shown in fig.321e,g,i). Apart from 

 these early evolved sclerites, there are several main sclerites which are undoubtedly 

 apomorphic for certain subgroups (L6...., R4....). 



