180 



6.8. The muscles connecting the left complex and the right phallomere 



6.9. The phallomero-sternal muscles 



6.10. The subgenital plate and associated structures 



6.11. The peripheral muscles 



6.12. The terminal part of the abdomen 



6.13. The asymmetry of the phallomere complex 



In each of the sections 6.1.-6.4. and 6.7., as a first point, the homologies between Blattaria 

 and Mantodea will be analysed. This will be done by a discussion of selected species of 

 both groups which show similarities in the respective elements. Since Mantodea are not 

 a subgroup of Blattaria, and vice versa, this comparison is an outgroup comparison for 

 Blattaria as well as for Mantodea. Thus, it can serve (1) to reconstruct features of the 

 common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea and (2) to determine polarities of 

 characters within Blattaria and within Mantodea. The ground-plan features will be shortly 

 summarised within each section as a second point, and the complete ground-plan will be 

 presented in chapter 7. As the third and fourth points of each section, the homologies, the 

 special conditions, and, in part, the evolution of the respective elements will be discussed 

 for Mantodea and then for Blattaria. The different states of the various characters, their 

 distribution over the taxa, and their polarities will in most cases become clear from these 

 discussions. An evaluation of the results in terms of evolution and phylogeny will be done 

 in 7.2.-7.8.. Fig. 322-333 show the homology relations of the elements discussed. 



6.1. Left complex I: Main sclerites LI and L6 and associated elements 

 6.1.1. Comparison between Blattaria and Mantodea 



All Mantodea and most Blattaria have a pouch (pne) in the dorsal part of the left complex, 

 the walls of which are largely sclerotised (sclerite LI). The membranous part of the pne- 

 wall is on the right side in Mantodea (e.g. fig. 44, 45) but left-dorsal or dorsal in Blattaria 

 (e.g. fig. 151). Arguments for the homology of LI and pne in Mantodea and Blattaria and 

 indications for the ground-plan morphology of these elements can best be found by 

 comparing Mantoida (fig.44, 45) with Polyphaga (fig.120, 121), Ergaula (fig. 105, 106), 

 and Cryptocercus (fig. 153, 154); other Blattaria can also contribute. 

 In Mantoida, Polyphaga, Ergaula (both species), and Cryptocercus LI and pne show 

 several similarities: 



1 . The pne-pouch lies in the central dorsal wall of the left complex and is an invagination 

 to the anterior. 



2. The anterior part of LI (region Lla in fig.323d,i,l,m) occupies most of the pne-wall 

 and is hood-shaped. 



3. The right posterior part of LI is a distinct arm-like extension (region Llm in 

 fig.323d,i,l,m). 



4. A stout muscle runs from the posterior or central part of LI to L2 in the dorsal wall 

 of the Ive-pouch: 13 (fig. 50, 128, 158, 159; Ergaula: only E. capucina studied, no 

 figure). 



