181 



5. Another stout muscle runs from the anterior or central part of LI to L4-sclerotisations 

 in or near the left edge of the left complex: 12 (fig.49, 128, 156; Ergaula: only E. 

 capucina studied, no figure). 



Mantoida, Polyphaga, and Cryptocercus have in common that: 



6. The phallomere-gland P opens into the membranous part of the pne-wall. (In Ergaula 

 the opening is beneath the pne-pouch and the dca-processes.) 



Mantoida, Polyphaga, and Ergaula have in common that: 



7. The extension Llm (fig.323d,l,m) articulates with L2 (A2 in fig.45, 46, 105, 118). 

 This articulation is rather narrow. (There is no contact between LI and L2 in 

 Cryptocercus: A2 is missing.) 



Another feature is present only in Mantoida and Cryptocercus: 



8. A stout muscle runs from the pne-pouch to L4-sclerotisations in the dorsal wall of 

 the left complex, the latter insertion being right-dorsal to the 12-insertion: 11 (fig.48, 

 155). 



Regarding the 12-insertion on pne, Mantoida is more similar to other Blattarian species 

 (compare feature 5.): 



9. In Mantoida (fig.49), Eurycotis (fig. 70), and Anaplecta (fig.221) 12 has its right 

 insertion in the left wall of the pne-pouch. (In Cryptocercus, Ergaula, and Polyphaga 

 this insertion is on the anterior face of the pne-pouch.) 



In Cryptocercus, Polyphaga, and Ergaula LI has, apart from Llm on the right side, 

 another distinct extension at its left posterior margin (region Lll in fig.323i,l,m). In 

 Cryptocercus and Ergaula Lll joins Llm ventrally to form a complete sclerite-ring (region 

 Llr in fig.323i,m). Mantoida has no Lll-extension, but other Mantodea have such an 

 extension: 



10. In Metallyticus (fig.323b) and Chaeteessa (fig. 323c) LI has an extension at its dorsal 

 margin, which could well be homologous with the Lll of the respective Blattaria. (In 

 Mantoida, fig. 323d, the corresponding area of LI is designated as a vestigial Lll.) 



The formation of a sclerite-ring, however, does not seem to be a ground-plan element: 



11. In Mantoida, Chaeteessa, Metallyticus, as well as in Archiblatta (fig. 54, 55, 323f) and 

 Eurycotis (fig.67, 68, 323e) the posterior part of LI does not form a sclerite-ring. 



Many Blattaria and Mantodea have distinct cuticular evaginations behind LI, which are 

 either membranous or sclerotised by posterior parts of LI: dca (e.g. in fig. 153) and loa 

 (e.g. in fig.45, 54). The exact homology relations can hardly be determined for these 

 formative elements. Only in some cases homology is evident, e.g. for the paired 

 membranous cushions of Polyphaga, Cryptocercus, Tryonicus angustus, and probably 

 Archiblatta (dca in fig. 120, 153, 107, 54). It is unclear whether these dca-processes are 

 elements of the common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea and what their 

 morphology was like in this ground-plan. As regards the process loa, Mantoida resembles 

 Archiblatta: 



12. At the posterior margin of LI there is a completely sclerotised, curved and thorned 

 process (loa in fig.45, 54). Its sclerotisation is connected with LI in Archiblatta but 

 articulated with LI in Mantoida. However, the homology of these processes is not 

 certain. 



