184 



The membranous part of the pne-wall takes different positions within pne: 



13. It is right-dorsal in Mantoida (fig.44, 45), dorsal in Archiblatta (fig. 53, 54), left-dorsal 



in Polyphaga, Ergaula, and Cryptocercus (fig. 11 7, 151). The ground-plan position can 



be assumed to be somewhere within this span. 

 This outgroup comparison suggests the similarities 1.-13. to be features of the common 

 ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea (rather uncertain as regards 10.-12.). 

 Main sclerite LI is divided into four regions (fig. 323): 



- Lla (anterior): The large anterior part of LI within the pne-pouch (hood-shaped in most 

 species). 



- Llm (median): The extension at the median (right) posterior margin of Lla. Llm has 

 an articulation A2 with L2. 



- Lll (lateral): The extension at the lateral (left) posterior margin of Lla. 



- Llr (ring): The sclerotisation connecting Lll and Llm ventrally and giving the posterior 

 part of LI the shape of a ring. (The ring can be complete or with a short gap.) 



6.1.2. The elements in the common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea 



The features 1.-13. in 6.1.1. permit a reconstruction of the ground-plan morphology of 

 LI, pne, and some adjacent elements (fig.321e,g): Region Lla is hood-shaped, is situated 

 within a deep pouch pne, and has two posterior extensions: regions Lll (not certain) and 

 Llm (long and distinct). Lll and Llm do not join each other ventrally to form a sclerite- 

 ring (no region Llr). Llm articulates with L2 (A2). The membranous part of the pne- 

 wall is more or less dorsal and contains the opening of the phallomere-gland P. At the 

 posterior margin of LI there is a thorned loa-processes (not certain). Muscles 11, 12, and 

 13 are present. 12 inserts on the left wall of the pne-pouch. 11 is dorsal to 12. 



6.1.3. Homology relations and character states of the elements in Mantodea 



In Chaeteessa (fig.32, 34), Metallyticus (fig. 24, 25), and Sphodromantis (fig. 10) LI and 

 the pne-pouch are similar to Mantoida (fig.44, 45): The anterior part of LI lies in the 

 deep pne-pouch and is more or less hood-shaped. The phallomere-gland P (not found in 

 Metallyticus) opens into the membranous part of pne. A large extension Llm (fig. 323a- 

 d) from the right posterior part of LI articulates (A2) with the right part of L2. 

 In contrast to Mantoida, the membranous part of the pne-wall is not right-dorsal but on 

 the right or right- ventral {Sphodromantis); this rotation (clockwise as viewed from behind) 

 is regarded as derived. 



The articulation area A2 is elaborated differently: In Mantoida A2 is exactly on the edge 

 1 between the pouches pne and Ive (fig.45, 46). In the other species the Llm-extension 

 bends around edge 1 into the dorsal wall of the Ive-pouch, and here Llm and L2 lie in 

 the same plane (fig. 10, 11, 25, 26, 34, 35; fig.323a-c). This is assumed to be a derived 

 condition. The sclerotisation bending around the edge is narrow in Chaeteessa but much 

 broader in Metallyticus and Sphodromantis. In Metallyticus, the right, bending part of Llm 

 is partly cut off from the basal part of Llm by the stripe of membrane 2 (fig. 25, 323b). 

 In Sphodromantis this separation is complete (2 in fig. 10, 323a), and LI has divided into 



