185 



two sclerites LIA and LIB. This comparison with Metallyticus reveals that in 

 Sphodromantis LIB is a right part of the Llm-region, that the articulation labelled A2 in 

 fig. 11 is the true A2, and that the membranous stripe 2 is a derived feature. 

 The homology relations of the processes behind the pne-pouch and on the edge 1 between 

 the pouches pne and Ive (loa, paa, afa in fig. 10, 25, 34, 45) are - with the exception of 

 paa, which is discussed in 6.2.3. - somewhat difficuh: The sclerotisation of loa originates 

 in Sphodromantis (fig. 10) and Metallyticus (fig. 25) from that part of LI to the right of 

 the membranous stripe 2 (fig.323a,b), and the base of loa is posterior to the bending part 

 of Llm. Thus, homology is assumed for these loa-processes. The base of loa is far to the 

 right in Sphodromantis, but more to the left, in the ventral wall of the pne-pouch, in 

 Metallyticus. loa of Mantoida protrudes from the left-dorsal wall of the pne-pouch, but 

 homology with the loa of the other species seems possible if a shift of loa is assumed - 

 with the situation in Metallyticus being intermediate. Chaeteessa has no loa-process. In 

 Sphodromantis the sclerotisation of loa is reduced to a stripe in the dorsal wall (compare 

 feature 12. in 6.1.1.). 



The part of Llm bending ventrad around edge 1 sclerotises anteriorly the low bulge afa 

 in Metallyticus (fig. 25, 26) and the hammer-shaped afa in Sphodromantis (fig. 10, 11); 

 these afa might be homologous. The membranous lobes of Mantoida and Chaeteessa (afa 

 in fig. 34, 45) might be homologous with the afa of Metallyticus and Sphodromantis (not 

 with loa), since their bases are anterior (not posterior) to the bending part of Llm. If this 

 homology is true, in Metallyticus and Sphodromantis the Llm-region has, while becoming 

 broader, additionally expanded onto the afa-processes. 



6.1.4. Homology relations and character states of the elements in Blattaria 



Ergaula, Polyphaga, and Cryptocercus 



In Ergaula (fig. 105, 106, 323m), Polyphaga (fig. 120, 121, 3231), and Cryptocercus 

 (fig. 153, 154, 323i) LI and pne are quite close to the ground-plan but also have some 

 probably derived features: The anterior end of LI is plateau-like, and the insertion of 12 

 has shifted to this plateau (fig. 128, 156; compare 9. in 6.1.1.). The extensions Lll and 

 Llm curve ventrad and approach each other. However, only in Ergaula and Cryptocercus 

 the extensions unite to form a complete ring; in Polyphaga the ring is open (arrow in 

 fig. 3231). The dca-processes - with their bases encircled by the Ll-ring - are very similar 

 in Cryptocercus and Polyphaga. In Ergaula the morphology of dca is quite different. Only 

 Cryptocercus has a sclerotised peak (18 in fig. 153) in between the dca, and the close 

 contact between Llm and L2 (A2-articulation) has been lost (fig. 151). 



Tryonicus angustus and T. parvus 



In Tryonicus angustus (fig. 107, 108, 323h) LI, pne, and dca are similar to the previous 

 species: The pne-pouch is very distinct and deep. The opening of the phallomere-gland 

 has the same position as in Polyphaga and Cryptocercus (compare fig. 107 and 120, 153). 

 LI articulates with L2 (A2 in fig. 107, 108). The shape of the dca resembles Polyphaga 

 and Cryptocercus (fig. 107, 120, 153). The extensions Lll and Llm are distinct (fig.323h) 

 and form a (open) sclerite ring encircling the dca-processes. The sclerotised peak 18 



