202 



interpretation. Thus, the articulation between L2B and LI (A2 in fig. 178) is homologous 

 with A2 of the other species. In correlation with the right-anteriad shift of LI (compare 

 in 6.1.4.), A2 of Lamproblatta is far anteriorly. The articulation A4 and the recess within 

 the Ive-pouch are derived features of Lamproblatta. 



Another derived feature of Lamproblatta is the lack of muscle 14. Another derived feature 

 common to Lamproblatta and Polyphaga (and Ergaula) - in addition to L8 and 112 - is 

 that the Ive-pouch and the vla-lobe extend nearly to the left edge of the left complex 

 (compare edges 7 in fig. 122 and 180). 



Cryptocercus 



The elements L2, Ive, paa. and via (fig.151, 152) can be clearly identified by many 

 features corresponding with the other species: L2 hes ventral to the pne-pouch and is 

 connected with it by a stout muscle (13 in fig. 158, 159). The posterior part of L2 bends 

 into the dorsal wall of the left complex, and the area of bending forms a bulge-like process 

 (paa and L2d in fig.151, 152, 324h; compare Tryonicus, fig.95, 97, 324g). This dorsal 

 part of L2 extends anteriad as far as to the opening of the phallomere-gland (P in fig.151, 

 152) - like in Polyphaga (fig. 1 18, 120). The right anterior part of L2 occupies the dorsal 

 wall of a pouch-like invagination (Ive in fig. 150- 152), which, however, is restricted to the 

 anteriormost part of the left complex. The ejaculatory duct (D in fig. 150, 151; compare 

 Mantoida, fig.46) opens into this Ive-pouch. The ventral Ive-wall is at the same time part 

 of the dorsal vla-wall (fig. 150- 152), and the ventral vla-wall is partly sclerotised (L4G in 

 fig.148, 152). Muscle 110 (fig. 155) runs from L2 to the membrane to the left of paa. This 

 membranous area is in between the processes paa and pda (pda, fig. 150, is discussed in 

 6.3.4.), and thus the left insertion of this 110 is like that of the 110 of Polyphaga (fig. 129) 

 and Lamproblatta (fig. 186). However, the right insertion is by far more posteriorly, and 

 the homology of these 110 is not certain. Muscle 14 (fig. 155, 158) runs from the anterior 

 part of L2 to L4K in the left part of the left complex like 14 of Polyphaga (fig. 132; 14 

 of Cryptocercus is strongly reduced; L4K is discussed in 6.3.4.). 



Cryptocercus has some features which are, compared with the ground-plan, clearly 

 derived: (1) L2 is, like in most Mantodea and Eurycotis, more plate-like, though the 

 primitive arch is still recognisable (compare L2-regions in fig.324h and d,f,k). (2) The 

 right part of L2 is, hke in Mantodea, not upcurved (fig.151, 152). However, since the 

 contact between L2 and LI (articulation A2) has been lost, this is not interpreted as a 

 primitive situation - as suggested by the outgroup comparison with Mantodea - but as a 

 reduction of the right part of L2. Consequently, the right-dorsal part of the Ive-pouch, 

 which contains the upcurved part of L2 in other Blattaria, has been strongly reduced. (3) 

 The vla-lobe is separated from the remaining ventral wall of the left complex as far as to 

 the anterior margin of the left complex (edge 61 in fig.148). Accordingly, the invagination 

 of the Ive-pouch begins very far anteriorly (see left end of edge 7 in fig. 150, 151), and 

 the left-ventral part of Ive has been strongly reduced. This is an extreme modification of 

 the situation in Tryonicus (edge 61 in fig. 87 and edge 7 in fig. 97). (4) Of the muscles 

 from the ventral wall of the left complex to the Ive-pouch and the ejaculatory duct only 

 one is present (16b in fig. 155). According to its insertions (anterior margin of L4G, 



