228 



- Lamproblatta and Polyphaga (and Ergaula) differ from the previous species (fig. 132, 

 133, 188, 189): (1) Not only 16b but also s3 inserts on the ventral plate (L4R in fig. 174; 

 L4M in fig. 115). This is certainly a derived feature. (2) 15 and 16a also insert on the 

 ventral plate, but since the homology relations with the respective muscles of the 

 previous species are uncertain, this feature is not inteipretable (no L4c-region is included 

 in fig.325i,k, but its absence is questionable). (3) A special muscle sl2 from the right 

 half of the subgenital plate runs to the ventral plate and inserts immediately to the right 

 of s3. The presence of sl2 is also a derived feature. 



- Polyphaga (and Ergaula) shows an additional derived feature already mentioned above: 

 Muscle 12 inserts on the ventral plate L4M (fig. 128). 



The derived condition that, in Lamproblatta and Polyphaga (and Ergaula), the insertions 

 of some muscles are now on the sclerotisation of the ventral plate (at least s3 in 

 Lamproblatta and s3 and 12 in Polyphaga) is interpreted as an expansion of this plate, and 

 the sclerotisations bearing these insertions are defined as new regions of L4: 



- L4a (anterior): The sclerotisation of the insertion area of s3. (The s3-insertion has not 

 changed its position.) 



- L4x : The sclerotisation of the insertion area of 12. (The 12-insertion has shifted ventrad.) 

 According to this inteipretation, L4M and L4R are not strictly homologous with each 

 other and with the L4G of the other species: L4R evolved from L4G by expansion (new 

 region L4a), and L4M evolved from L4R by an additional expansion (new region L4x). 

 In Ergaula a small anterior part of L4M (with the insertions of s3 and sl2) has split off 

 to form a sclerite of its own (compare fig. 3221 and m). 



Nalmblattella 



The homologue of sclerite L4K of Anaplecta (fig. 209) has divided into two sclerites L4U' 

 and L4V' (fig. 242). L4U' resembles the posterior part of L4K: It has the same position 

 on the left edge of the left complex, the same position relative to the hla-hook, and a 

 similar shape (curved plate). L4V' resembles the anterior part of L4K: It lies in the 

 anteriormost ventral wall of the left complex and forms a process (nla in fig. 242, 248). 

 The homology of the nla-processes of the two species is, regarding their different shape, 

 debatable. 



These relations are supported by the muscles: L4U' bears the insertions of 12 and 14 

 (fig. 249). 12 runs to the basalmost part of the hla-hook (membrane 30). 12 of Anaplecta 

 (fig.221) runs to the pne-pouch next to the hla-base (30 in fig. 2 10, 211). I assume 

 homology for the 12 of the two species and a slight shift of the right insertion in 

 Nalmblattella. 14 of Nahublattella inserts immediately ventral to 12 and runs to the Ive- 

 pouch, exactly like 14 of e.g. Eurycotis (fig. 70, 71) and Cryptocercus (fig. 155, 156). As 

 mentioned above, 14 has been lost in Anaplecta. L4V' bears the insertions of 15, 16a, and 

 s3 (fig.250, 251). 15 has its posterior insertion like 15 of Anaplecta (fig.223) at the left 

 base of the Ive-apodeme, and homology is highly probable for these 15; that the anterior 

 insertion is on the anterior part of L4K in Anaplecta confirms the homology between this 

 part of L4K and L4V' (and, maybe, the homology of the nla-processes, too). The 

 insertions of s3 and 16a in Anaplecta, however, are on the ate-tendon to the right of the 



