230 



sternal muscle (s3b, studied in Parcoblatta, Blaberus, and Blaptica; fig. 277, 304; 

 homology discussion of s3b in 6.9.) and by the presence of a sclerite in the dorsal wall 

 of the tendon (L4V or L4V', which, however, is present only in Parcoblatta, Nyctibora, 

 and Blaptica, fig.289, 291). 



The evolutionary origin of tendon ate and sclerite L4V of these species is unclear. The 

 terms used express the possible homologies with structures being in similar positions in 

 Anaplecta (ate in fig.212) and Nahublattella (L4V' in fig.244): 



- ate and, if present, L4V resemble both ate of Anaplecta and L4V' of Nahublattella in 

 bearing the insertion of at least part of (1) muscle s3 (s3b of Parcoblatta and Blaberus, 

 fig. 277, 304) and (2) muscle 16a (only Blaberus, fig. 304). However, it is impossible 

 that both homologies - of ate and L4V - are true in a strict sense since in Anaplecta 

 the ate-tendon and the sclerotisation homologous with L4V' of Nahublattella (anterior 

 L4K) are located side by side. 



- As a combined hypothesis accepting a partial homology of the ate-tendons and a strict 

 homology of the L4V-sclerites, it might be assumed that in the more derived Blattellidae 

 and Blaberidae, as compared with Anaplecta, the cuticular area forming the ate-tendon 

 has expanded basad and that by this process L4V has become integrated into the tendon. 

 Nahublattella could be an intermediate, with the anteriormost ventral part of the left 

 complex being a very broad ate-"tendon", and with L4V' integrated into this "tendon". 

 In the other Blattelhdae and Blaberidae this anterior part with L4V' must then be 

 assumed to have become very narrow, and L4V' has become smaller. If this is true, the 

 ate-tendon of Anaplecta would be homologous with the distalmost part of the ate-tendon 

 (anterior to L4V, if present) of e.g. Supella, Euphyllodromia, Parcoblatta, Nyctibora, 

 Blaptica, and Blaberus. 



- However, the lack of a sclerotisation within the ate of Supella, Euphyllodromia, and 

 other species might suggest that L4V of Parcoblatta, Nyctibora, and Blaptica is a new 

 element not homologous with L4V' of Nahublattella. If this is true, ate of Anaplecta 

 could be strictly homologous with ate of the more derived Blattellidae and Blaberidae. 



These questions concerning ate and L4V cannot be settled here. 



The sclerotisation of the via-process has been assumed, in accordance with the situation 

 in Nahublattella, to be composed of L4N and L2E (posterior L41-region and L2d-region: 

 fig.325m,n,o and 324m,n,o; discussion in 6.2.4.). Since the primary processes paa and 

 pda are no longer distinguishable in these via-processes (fig.328c-k), the exact arrange- 

 ment of L4N and L2E is less clear than in Nahublattella. In determining the position of 

 the L4N- and L2E-sclerotisations on via of Parcoblatta and Blaberus one must consider 

 the rotation of the via-process. An extension corresponding to L4d' of Nahublattella is 

 missing in all species (compare fig. 328b and c-k), and the L4d-region is assumed to have 

 been lost like in Anaplecta (fig. 3251, m,n,o and 3241,m,n,o). 



At least Parcoblatta, Nyctibora, Blaptica, Nauphoeta, and Blaberus (the other species not 

 investigated) lack, like Nahublattella, a sclerite plate in the ventral wall of the vla-lobe 

 (fig.266, 268, 297): The L4v-region has been lost. Sclerite LIO' of Blaberus (fig.299) and 

 the small sclerites LIO' of Blaptica (fig.291) are not assumed to be descendants of L4v 

 but new sclerotisations having evolved within Blaberidae. In the blaberid Nauphoeta LIO' 

 is missing. 



