236 



muscles have been found; however, muscle b3 of Sphodromantis (fig. 15) has its right 

 insertion not far from the dorsal vla-wall and might be a shifted 113. Hence, it is not clear 

 if 113 is present in the common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea. 

 Mantoida and Cryptocercus have a longitudinal muscle in the posterior left ventral wall 

 of the left complex (17 in fig.52, 158). Since the position is very similar these 17 could 

 well be homologous. However, the respective part of the left complex is very different in 

 the two species (presence or absence of the hla-hook, highly modified L4-sclerotisations 

 in Cryptocercus), and it is not possible to compare the relative position of 17 in the two 

 species. Therefore, the homology of these muscles must be regarded as highly 

 questionable. 17 of Sphodromantis (fig. 15) is certainly homologous with 17 of Mantoida 

 but has undergone a shift (compare in 6.3.3.). Nahublattella, Parcoblatta, and Blaberus 

 also have longitudinal muscles in the ventral wall of the left complex (130 in fig.251, 307; 

 130a,b in fig. 278, 279); these 130 are assumed to be homologous, but since they take a 

 rather different position homology with 17 of Cryptocercus is not assumed. 



6.6. Left complex VI: The position of the phallomere-gland opening 



The opening of the phallomere-gland P certainly has its primitive position within the mem- 

 branous part of the pne-wall (discussion in 6.1.1.). It opens far anteriorly into this 

 membrane in Mantoida (fig.45), Chaeteessa (fig.32), and Sphodromantis (fig. 10), and far 

 posteriorly and on the left side in Cryptocercus (fig. 153, 154), Polyphaga (fig. 120, 121), 

 Tryonicus angustus (fig. 107, 108), and - considering the rotation of the pne-pouch - 

 Tryonicus parvus (fig. 95, 96). 



In Ergaula capensis the opening has, as compared with Polyphaga, shifted only a short 

 distance; by this shift, however, it has reached a position left-ventral to the dca-processes 

 and outside the pne-wall (compare fig. 106 and 121). In Eurycotis (fig. 67, 68) and 

 Archiblatta (fig. 54-56) the opening is likewise ventral to the dca-processes and is assumed 

 to have undergone a similar shift. In Lamproblatta the opening has the same position 

 relative to the posterior margin of LI (fig. 177, 178) as in the previous three species but 

 is farther away from LI, and the processes paa and pda take their position between the 

 opening and the posterior margin of LI (fig. 178). paa and pda have, as compared with 

 e.g. Polyphaga (fig. 11 8), shifted to the right (relative to the left posterior end of the Ive- 

 pouch; compare in 6.3.4.) and are assumed to have intruded into the interspace between 

 LI and the phallomere-gland opening. 



In Nahublattella the opening has a similar position relative to sclerite LI and the dca- 

 process as in e.g. Ergaula (fig. 243, 244, 328b) but has shifted far anteriad within the 

 membrane ventral to dca and lies in the posterior right dorsal wall of the Ive-pouch - 

 posterior to the dorsal wall of the ejaculatory duct D. The muscles 127 and 129 (fig. 249) 

 are derived features of Nahublattella. In Parcoblatta (fig.270, 328e), Blaberus (fig.300, 

 328k), Euphyllodromia (fig.328d), Nyctibora (fig.328h), and Nauphoeta (fig.328i) the 

 opening has a similar position as in Nahublattella but is slightly more to the left and close 

 to sclerite L2 or L2D. 



