241 



Muscles connecting dorsal parts of the left complex and of the right phallomere have been 

 termed b4. Mantoida, Eurycotis, and Polyphaga have two such muscles, b4a and b4b 

 (fig.36, 48, 58, 109); Cryptocercus has three, b4a, b4b, and b4c (fig. 143a). The Blattarian 

 species have the right insertions of all b4-muscles on the tre-tendon, deeply immersed in 

 the body, and the homology of the b4-group as a whole is rather certain. Mantoida has 

 the right insertions of both b4a and b4b on the left dorsal anterior margin of the fda-lobe 

 (fig.48; the b4b-insertion is not shown; it is immediately posterior to the b4a-insertion). 

 Since the external origin of tre is at the dorsal anterior margin of fda, the right insertions 

 of the b4-muscles take the same relative position in Blattaria and Mantoida. The left 

 insertions, however, take rather different positions, and some shifts must have taken place: 

 The left b4a-insertion is in Eurycotis and Polyphaga on the utmost right part of the Ive- 

 pouch (fig. 70, 129, 130), in Mantoida on an infolding to the right of the Ive-pouch (fig. 48, 

 compare fig. 46). These positions are quite similar. The left b4b-insertion is in Polyphaga 

 (fig. 127) in the anterior right dorsal wall of the left complex, far right-dorsal to the pne- 

 pouch; in Eurycotis (fig. 70) it is on the top of the pne-pouch; in Mantoida the position 

 is intermediate - dorsal to the pne-pouch, but next to its base (fig.48). 

 On the basis of these relations, it is in my view acceptable to regard the b4a and b4b of 

 Mantoida, Eurycotis, and Polyphaga as strictly homologous and to assume homology 

 between these b4-muscles as a whole and the b4-group of Cryptocercus. The immersion 

 of the right insertions (by tre) can possibly be regarded as the derived condition and as 

 an autapomorphy of Blattaria or of a Blattarian subgroup. The same might be assumed 

 for the cooperating s8-muscle (homology discussion in 6.9.). 



19. Muscles b4a and b4b are present. 



20. Muscle s8 and the tre-tendon are probably absent. 



For the simple sclerites R2 and R3 there is no necessity for defining regions. The 

 complicated main sclerite Rl will be divided into regions, which mainly (and arbitrarily) 

 correspond to the division into individual sclerites in Eurycotis, and which are defined as 

 follows (fig.331e, 332e): 



- Rid (dorsal): The sclerotisation homologous with sclerite RIH of Eurycotis (fig. 74) on 

 the fda-lobe. On Rid there are the posterior insertions of the muscles rl and r6 (fig. 80). 



- Rlv (ventral): The sclerotisation homologous with sclerite RIG of Eurycotis (fig.77, 

 78) on the posterior part of the pia-tooth. On Rlv there is the left insertion of muscle 

 r3 (fig.80, 82). 



- Rlt (tooth): The sclerotisation homologous with that part of sclerite RIF of Eurycotis 

 which extends dorsad from the edge 16 (fig.77, 78) and lies in the right-dorsal wall of 

 the cbe-invagination. Along its posterior margin Rlt forms the ridge or tooth pva. On 



Rlt there is the insertion of the right-dorsal part of muscle r2 (fig.80, 81). 



- Rlc (central): The sclerotisation homologous with the remainder of sclerite RIF of 

 Eurycotis, which adjoins sclerite R3 posteriorly and articulates with it (A3), which 

 extends onto the anterior part of the pia-tooth, and which forms the groove rge along 

 its dorsal margin. Rlc is situated centrally between the other Rl-regions: The border 

 to Rid is articulation A8; the border to Rlv is articulation A9; the border to Rlt is 

 edge 16. On Rlc there is the right insertion of r3 (fig. 80, 82), the anterior insertion of 

 r6 (fig. 79; on rge), and the posterior insertion of r5 (fig. 80; on rge). 



