242 



In fig. 331c and 332c this regioning of Rl is transferred to Chaeteessa - according to the 

 homology relations assumed above (features l.-ll.)- In Chaeteessa (and Sphodromantis) 

 the Rlc-region extends far dorsad into the RlA-sclerite (fig. 331c); this results from the 

 position of the right r3-insertion in Sphodromantis (compare fig. 16 and 331a,c). The 

 regioning of Rl of Mantoida is shown in fig. 33 Id, 332d. 



6.7.2. The elements in the common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea 



The features 1.-20. in 6.7.1. permit the reconstruction of many ground-plan features of the 

 right phallomere (fig.321f,h): R3 is a curved plate in the anteriormost ventral wall. The 

 right posterior end of R3 articulates with the Rlc-region (A3). At least the right and right 

 anterior margins of R3 form a groove-like age-apodeme, which reaches articulation A3 

 (but the groove does not exceed A3). Rl is (probably) an undivided sclerite, with all its 

 regions firmly connected. Along edge 16 the regions Rlc and Rlt are sharply angled to 

 each other. Rlt forms a posteriad-directed tooth or ridge pva at its posterior margin. A 

 large central invagination cbe is situated to the left of or left-ventral to pva. The dorsal 

 lobe fda and the ventral tooth pia are distinct; they are connected along the right edge of 

 the right phallomere and diverge to the left. Their walls are largely sclerotised by Rl 

 (regions Rid and Rlv). In the posterior right edge of the right phallomere there is a 

 membranous area 17. The parts of Rl in the dorsal wall of fda and those on pia are 

 interconnected anterior to membrane 17. Posterior to membrane 17 there is no dorsoventral 

 connection (like in Mantodea) or, at most, a very narrow one (like in Eurycotis). The 

 muscles rl, r2, r3, s2, and s4 are present. The insertions of s2 and rl are separated by 

 the keel-apodeme 3. The tre-tendon and the articulations A8 and A9 are probably missing. 

 It is unclear if R2, the articulations A6 and A7, and the muscles r4, r5, and r6 are present 

 or not. 



6.7.3. Homology relations and character states of the elements in Mantodea 



The R3-sclerites of Chaeteessa (fig. 28), Mantoida (fig.41), Metallyticus (fig.20), and 

 Sphodromantis (fig. 6) are very similar. The age-apodeme is always deeper in its left part, 

 where it is more or less plate-like (this is least distinct in Chaeteessa). In Metallyticus and 

 Sphodromantis this deepening of age is very abrupt. Only in Sphodromantis this left part 

 of age has developed a curvature to the posterior and back to the right (fig. 6, 8). Only in 

 Chaeteessa the left marginal part of R3 bends dorsad into the cbe-wall (fig.29a, 32). Two 

 other derived features of Chaeteessa are that the utmost right-posterior part of age and 

 the keel-apodeme 3 have been lost (fig. 28). In the other species the groove-like shape of 

 the sclerotisation even exceeds A3 (distinct in Mantoida, fig.41, 43, and Sphodromantis, 

 fig. 6, 8; less distinct in Metallyticus, fig.20, 21); the keel 3 has been retained (fig. 6, 13, 

 20, 23, 41, 44). At least in Sphodromantis and Mantoida keel 3 separates the insertion 

 areas of s2 and rl (fig. 15, 48). The apodeme are (fig. 6, 8) is a derived feature of 

 Sphodromantis. 



The cbe-invagination becomes in all four species continuously deeper to the left (fig. 6, 8, 

 20, 21, 28, 29a, 41, 43), and a sclerite R2 is always missing (compare Eurycotis, fig. 77, 

 78; but see below: Metallyticus). 



