243 



The posterior part of the right phallomere is in all species composed of a large dorsal lobe 

 fda (fig. 13, 23, 31, 44) and a smaller, leftward projecting ventral tooth pia (fig.6, 20, 28, 

 41). In Sphodromantis pia has become very small by a reduction of its posterior part. 

 Left-anterior to pia there is always another tooth-like process pva (fig.6, 20, 28, 41). 

 The Rl-sclerotisations are very similar in Chaeteessa and Sphodromantis (fig.6, 28): The 

 sclerotisation posterior to articulation A3 is connected with the pva-sclerotisation and with 

 the pia-sclerotisation (sclerites RIB) but more or less separated (by 4 in fig.6, 28) from 

 the dorsal fda-sclerotisation (sclerites RIA). The dividing line 4 is also present in 

 Metallyticus (fig.20), but RIA has expanded far into the right ventral wall and occupies 

 the ventral wall of pia (fig.20, 21). Only Mantoida shows the plesiomorphic state with 

 the dividing line 4 missing. In both Metallyticus and Mantoida the pva-sclerotisation has 

 been separated from the Rl-sclerotisation posterior to A3 (sclerites RID in fig.20, 41). 

 That in Mantoida these elements are really pva and parts of Rl (and not R2) is shown 

 by the posterior insertion of r2, whose right part inserts on that sclerite (fig. 49, 50; 

 compare fig. 16, 19). (R2 of Eurycotis bears the left part of the r2-insertion; compare 

 feature 15. in 6.7.1.). In Metallyticus, however, RID adjoins the left posterior end of R3 

 in a similar way as R2 in Eurycotis (fig.20, 77) and could really be the homologue of R2. 

 But regarding the situations in the other Mantodea, it is certainly more probable that the 

 tooth is the true pva and RID the respective part of Rl. A definite decision might come 

 from an investigation of muscle r2. 



The membranous area 17 has retained its primitive condition only in Chaeteessa and 

 Mantoida (fig. 28, 41). In Metallyticus it has been largely reduced by the expansion of 

 RIA onto pia (fig.20). In Sphodromantis it has lost its boundary to the membranous ventral 

 fda-wall by the reduction of the posterior part of the pia-tooth and its sclerotisation (fig.6). 

 The regioning of Rl of Chaeteessa (6.7.1.) can be transferred to Mantoida, Metallyticus, 

 and Sphodromantis (fig.331a-d and 332a-d). One minor problem is the exact course of the 

 boundary between the regions Rlc and Rlt, since the edge 16 is distinct only in 

 Chaeteessa (fig. 28). In Mantoida and Metallyticus sclerite RID is tentatively equated with 

 the Rlt-region, but it probably does not exactly correspond to Rlt as defined in Eurycotis. 

 The muscles of Sphodromantis (fig. 15, 16, 19) are very similar to those of Mantoida 

 (fig.48, 49, 50), but r4 is much stouter. Of the muscles connecting the right phallomere 

 and the left complex dorsally (b4a and b4b in Mantoida, fig.48) at most one is retained 

 (b4, 19? in fig. 17), but its homology with b4 of Mantoida is questionable since both its 

 insertions are on the left complex. This muscle of Sphodromantis could also be 

 homologous with 19 of Mantoida (fig.49; compare in 6.5.). 



6.7.4. Homology relations and character states of the elements in Blattaria I: The 

 anteroventral elements 



In the following discussions in 6.7.4., 6.7.5., and 6.7.6., data of some species are included 

 whose right phallomeres have been studied only in part: Archiblatta, Ergaula, 

 Euphyllodromia, Nyctibora, Byrsotria (fig.330f,m,o,r, 318, 319), and Supella. Archiblatta 

 resembles Eurycotis (fig.330g); Ergaula resembles Polyphaga (fig. 3301); Nyctibora and 

 Byrsotria resemble Blaberus (fig. 330s). For a discussion of the right phallomeres it is 



