244 



useful to consider first the anteroventral elements (R2, R3, cbe-invagination; 6.7.4.) and 

 the tre-tendon (6.7.5.), whose homology relations are quite evident. Then the posterodorsal 

 parts will be discussed (Rl, pva-tooth, fda-lobe, pia-tooth; 6.7.6.). 

 The sclerites R2 and R3 and the cbe-invagination can, as compared with Eurycotis, easily 

 be identified in all Blattaria: R3 (fig.77, 102, 137, 163, 193, 229, 257, 284, 312a) is always 

 a plate in the anteriormost (right-) ventral wall of the right phallomere, and parts of its 

 anterior and lateral margins nearly always form a groove-like age-apodeme. The right and 

 left posterior margins of R3 articulate with more posterior sclerites: A3 (between R3 and 

 Rl) is always distinct. A7 (between R3 and R2) is in most cases also a true articulation; 

 sometimes, however, R2 and R3 are fused in this place (Polyphaga, Ergaula: A7*), or 

 R2 and R3 are more distant from each other and no longer articulated (Parcoblatta, 

 Blaberus; the term A7 is still used to designate the homology of the respective areas). 

 Posterior to the central part of R3 (between A3 and A7 or A7*), the ventral wall of the 

 right phallomere always bends dorsad and (more or less strongly) anteriad to form a central 

 invagination (che in fig.78, 104, 138, 164, 195, 230, 258, 285, 313). cbe is variable in its 

 extension and distinctness and is sclerotised to a varied extent, cbe always has its summit 

 in the center of the right phallomere and a descent in the left-ventral direction (missing 

 in Mantodea), at whose base that sclerite adjoins which also approaches R3 in A7 or A7* 

 (R2 in fig.75, 100, 135, 161, 191, 227, 255, 282, 310). R2 has either as a whole the shape 

 of a ridge, often projected into teeth or bulges (fig.75, 76, 135, 136, 161, 162, 191, 192, 

 227, 228, 281, 285, 287, 310, 311), or R2 is more plate-like but likewise beset with tooth- 

 like evaginations (fig. 99, 100, 102, 254-256). All species with the muscles studied have 

 a stout r2 from R3 to the cbe-invagination (fig.80, 81, 140, 141, 166, 167, 197, 198, 231, 

 232, 259, 260, 286, 287, 314, 316), and some phallomero-stemal muscles insert at the 

 anterior margin of R3 (fig.82, 142, 168, 199, 233, 261, 288, 317; homology discussion in 

 6.9.). According to these corresponding relative positions and similarities in shape, 

 homology is assumed for the sclerites R2 and R3, the articulations A3 and AT (or A7*), 

 the cbe-invaginations, the age-apodemes, and the r2-muscles of all species. 



Fig. 330: Right phallomere, evolution of main sclerites. - The sclerotisations of the right phallomere 

 are shown. The view is roughly cranial but the phallomeres are unfolded. For correct orientation 

 compare fig. 1-3 19. 



Of sclerite R3 (white) only the posterior part is shown (anterior part cut off along undulate Hne). The 

 other sclerotisations are shown completely and patterned differently. The individual sclerites of Rl 

 are labelled with the capital letters used in the text and in fig. 1-3 19 (e.g. F = RIF). X (part of sclerite 

 R2) and Y (part of region Rlt) are sclerotisations occupying the cbe-invagination (compare in 6.7.4.). 

 Articulations between sclerites are labelled with the numbers used in the text and in fig. 1-3 19 (e.g. 

 6 = A6). If an articulation has been lost by fusion of the respective sclerites, the point of fusion is 

 labelled by adding * to the name of the lost articulation (e.g. 6* = A6*). tre and ewe are formative 

 elements, cl represents a certain dividing line between Rl-sclerotisations (compare in 6.7.6.). Species 

 with "S" behind their names have side-reversed phallomeres, and a mirror-image of the original 

 preparation is shown. The branching black Hnes represent the assumed phylogeny. The ground-plan 

 is in some respects unclear (? in fig. 330a; discussion in 6.7.1.): Presence of sclerite R2 and of 

 articulations A6 and A7. 



