258 



the fda of Parcoblatta and the fda of e.g. Eurycotis, which has a well-developed pia- 

 tooth, is not strict in even two respects). 



In Nyctibora (fig.319) sclerite RIP and the fda- and dla-lobes take the same relative 

 positions as in Parcoblatta (fig.280, 281). Additionally, however, there is a sclerite in the 

 dorsal wall of dla (R4 in fig.319, 330r). In Byrsotria (fig.318) the situation is essentially 

 the same as in Nyctibora, but sclerite R4' is in two respects more derived: (1) It is 

 expanded to the right and in contact with sclerite RIT' (59 in fig.318). (2) The left end 

 of R4' (60 in fig.318) bends around the left edge of dla into its left ventral wall. In 

 Blaberus (fig. 308) the situation is hke in Byrsotria, but R4' is even further expanded to 

 the right and curves into the ventral wall of the right phallomere (59 in fig. 308, 309) where 

 it closely approaches articulation A3. Moreover, the dla-lobe is extremely enlarged as 

 compared with the fda-lobe (compare fig. 308 and 318). In Nyctibora, Byrsotria, and 

 Blaberus (fig. 3 14) the posterior insertion of rl is, like in Parcoblatta, in the anteriormost 

 dorsal dla- wall, but it is also on sclerite R4. (According to the insertion of rl, R4 would 

 have to be classified, by definition, as a Rld-sclerotisation. But since R4 is most probably 

 a new sclerite and not a split off part of Rl, the designation R4 is preferred). 

 The right phallomere of Blaberus has, in contrast to Parcoblatta and Anaplecta, not only 

 the plesiomorphic muscles rl and r2, but also some further, certainly new muscles. Two 

 of them run from R4' to the right ventral wall of fda (rlla and rllb in fig.314). One 

 muscle having the same course is also present in Nyctibora. The other muscles (rl2-rl8 

 in fig.314-317) have been found only in Blaberus {Byrsotria not studied); however, no 

 specimen of Blaberus had all these muscles. 



6.8. The muscles connecting the left complex and the right phallomere 



The b4-muscles have been discussed in 6.7.1., 6.7.3., and 6.7.5., muscle b3 of 

 Sphodromantis in 6.5. 



b2-muscles are present in Sphodromantis (fig. 15), Mantoida (fig.49), Polyphaga (fig. 110, 

 127, 141), Lamproblatta (fig.184, 198), diwd Anaplecta (fig.224, 232). The position of the 

 right insertion is quite similar in all species: on the left part of R3 in Sphodromantis and 

 Mantoida, on the left margin of R3 in Polyphaga, next to the left margin of R3 and R2 

 in Anaplecta, and next to the left margin of R2 in Lamproblatta. That the b2 of 

 Lamproblatta and Polyphaga are homologous despite the somewhat different position of 

 the right insertion is strongly suggested by the very similar position of the left insertion: 

 in the right dorsal wall of the left complex, next to L8 and to the insertions of 19 and 112. 

 In Anaplecta, Mantoida, and Sphodromantis the left insertion is rather different from that 

 of Polyphaga and Lamproblatta: It is on the wall of the vla-lobe - near the right edge of 

 via in Mantoida and Anaplecta, and in the left anterior ventral wall of via in Sphodro- 

 mantis. The b2 are certainly homologous in Polyphaga and Lamproblatta on the one hand 

 and in Mantoida and Sphodromantis on the other. Whether the b2 of these two groupings 

 and of Anaplecta are homologous and whether b2 is a muscle of the common ground- 

 plan of Blattaria and Mantodea or a derived element of these groupings is questionable. 



