265 



to the large muscle is unclear; s2 might also be missing like in Lamproblatta and 

 Polyphaga (as shown in fig.333f)- The small s4b can, according to its ventral insertion 

 posterior to the large muscle (fig. 147), only be a split off part of s4 or a new muscle but 

 certainly not s2. 



It is difficult to interpret this highly peculiar condition of the primary muscles. At least, 

 the outgroup comparison between the other Blattaria and Mantoida strongly suggests that 

 it is not primitive for Dictyoptera. Possibly, extensive fusions of muscles have taken place. 

 However, there is still another possible explanation: It could be due to a retention of a 

 nymph-like situation in adult morphology (a neotenic trait), with the differentiation of the 

 single primary muscles not yet completed. This question could possibly be settled by an 

 investigation of the ontogeny of the phallomero-sternal muscles in other Blattaria. 

 Two secondary muscles are present: s8 to the tre-tendon and slO to the ejaculatory duct 

 near its opening. 



Nahublattella 



Nahublattella (fig.237, 240, 333i) closely resembles Anaplecta, but the ventral insertions 

 of the median (on the apophyses S9a) and of the lateral (more posteriorly on the subgenital 

 plate) muscles are extremely far away from each other. 



The secondary muscles s7 and slO are easily identified by their insertions (fig. 249). s3 

 can, hke in Anaplecta, be identified by its ventral insertion posterior to s7 (compare 

 fig.333h and i). si is missing. The muscle from the right apophysis S9a to the anterior 

 margin of R3 is probably s4, not s2. (Since in Anaplecta s2 is reduced, a loss of s2 seems 

 for Nahublattella more probable than a loss of s4). 



The lateral primary muscles s5 and s6 have undergone a division (or new muscles have 

 been added). The dorsal as well as the ventral insertion areas of s5a and s5b together have 

 the same extension as those of s5 of Anaplecta (compare fig. 204 and 237, fig. 207 and 

 240), and a division can readily be assumed. The same correspondence is found for the 

 ventral insertion areas of s6a and s6b or s6, respectively (compare fig.204 and 237). 

 Dorsally s6b of Nahublattella inserts on the anterior margin of R3 like s6 of Anaplecta; 

 the dorsal insertion of s6a, however, is completely different (compare fig. 207 and 240). 

 Thus, for s6a the derivation from s6 is not certain. The question is the same for the very 

 delicate muscles s6c (fig.237, 240). 



Parcoblatta and Blaberus 



The phallomero-sternal musculature (fig.265, 267, 333k and 296, 298, 3331) can be derived 

 from Nahublattella but also shows some differences. 



In Parcoblatta, the secondary muscles s7 and slO as well as the primary muscle s4 conform 

 with Nahublattella. s3 also inserts like in Nahublattella but is divided into two bundles 

 s3a and s3b (compare fig.237, 240 and 265, 267). Dorsally s3b inserts on the ate-tendon, 

 s3a to the left of ate (fig. 267). si and - with the same reservations as in Nahublattella - 

 s2 are missing. Concerning these muscles, the situation in Blaberus is the same except 

 that s7 is missing. (However, s7 is present in its typical position in Nauphoeta, another 

 member of Blaberidae; fig.328i). 



