270 



Polyphaga, fig. 11 2a) or slightly posterior to this area (Mantoida, fig. 39; Sphodromantis, 

 fig. 4). In Polyphaga the ventral insertion has expanded into the lateral wall of the genital 

 pouch (left muscle, fig. 112a) or has completely shifted to this area (right muscle, fig. 112b). 

 In Nahublattella (fig.237), Parcoblatta (fig.265), and Blaberus (fig.296) the p6 insert 

 distinctly more medially on the subgenital plate. 



The p7-muscles have their anterior insertions far medially in the membrane anterior to 

 paraprocts and Pv-sclerotisations; their posterior insertions are far laterally where the 

 paratergites 10 TlOp meet the paraprocts Pp (articulations A99; lateral to the posterior 

 pl-insertions). p7 is well-developed in Mantoida (fig. 37), Sphodromantis (fig. 2), 

 Lamproblatta (fig. 170), and Cryptocercus (fig. 144). In Lamproblatta the posterior (or 

 lateral) insertion of the left p7 has distinctly shifted anteriad. In Eurycotis p7 is represented 

 by only very few fibers (fig. 59). In the other species no p7 have been found. 

 The muscles p8 and p9 will not be discussed: Their homology relations are uncertain since 

 they are not clearly distinguishable from other muscles of the anal region. The muscles 

 plO of Cryptocercus (fig. 144) are probably subdivisions of the p5-muscles. 

 The muscles pl-p7 are certainly present in the common ground-plan of Blattaria and 

 Mantodea. p3 and p5 are very uniform in the species studied. The differences in the 

 morphology of pi, p2, and p4 are assumed to be of limited value for a phylogenetic 

 analysis, because these differences probably depend on the extent to which nymphal 

 features are retained in the adult. As regards p6, the mediad shift of the ventral insertions 

 could be a synapomorphy of the species concerned. 



6.12. The terminal part of the abdomen 



The homology relations of most elements of this area are quite evident and need no 

 discussion. The homologies concerning the supraanal lobe spl, the epiproct Ep, and the 

 tergite 10 TIO are discussed in 3.1. The homology between the Pv-sclerites and the anterior 

 part of the paraprocts Pp (in species without separate Pv-sclerites) is discussed in 6.11.. 

 There are hardly any features valuable for a phylogenetic analysis, but the following 

 features are worth mentioning and might gain some more value in future investigations 

 including more species. 



The area where the paraproct Pp, the Pv-sclerite, and the paratergite 10 TlOp meet each 

 other shows in several species some pecuharities. However, the ground-plan condition of 

 this area is in most respects uncertain since Mantodea seem to have this area highly 

 modified - similar to but certainly independently of certain Blattaria - and since the 

 outgroup comparison with other Ectognatha suffers from the uncertainty of homology 

 relations. Hence, the plesiomorphic or apomorphic nature of these peculiarities is 

 debatable. A rather primitive condition might be assumed to be represented in e.g. 

 Eurycotis (fig. 59): The lateral tip of Pp articulates (A99) with the ventromedian tip of 

 TlOp laterally and is in close vicinity to the lateral end of a completely free Pv anteriorly. 

 If the Pv-sclerites really represent the medially divided sternite 10 (compare in 6.11.), 

 their complete isolation could be plesiomorphic. Tryonicus (fig. 83), whose Pv-sclerites are 



