278 



s5: from the left anterior margin of the subgenital plate to the left(-ventral) wall of the 

 genital-pouch (6.9.)- 



s6: from the right anterior margin of the subgenital plate to the right(-ventral) wall of the 

 genital-pouch (6.9.)- 



Muscles possibly present in the ground-plan (except for 114 omitted from fig.3211-p) 

 17: longitudinally within the posterior left ventral wall of the left complex (6.5.). 

 113, b3: from the ejaculatory duct D to the dorsal wall of the vla-lobe posterior to or to 

 the right of the genital opening (6.5.). 



114: from the L4n-region on or near the nla-process to sclerite L3 and the hia-hook 

 (6.4.2.). 



r4: from the Rld-region in the left dorsal wall of the fda-lobe to the left ventral wall of 

 the fda-lobe (6.7.1., 6.7.3.). 



r6: from the Rlc-region to the Rld-region (6.7.1., 6.7.6.). 



bl: from the left margin of sclerite R3 to the anteriormost ventral wall of the left complex 

 (6.8.). 



b2: from the left margin of sclerite R3 to an area next to the right end of the Ive-pouch 

 (6.8.). 



s7: from the left anterior margin of the subgenital plate to the Ive-pouch (6.2.4., 6.9.). 

 s8: from the right anterior margin of the subgenital plate to the tre-tendon (6.7.1., 6.9.). 



Asymmetry 



From the features of the ground-plans of the left complex and the right phallomere it 

 follows that the very special kind of extreme asymmetry - corresponding to the extreme 

 differences between these two ground-plans - is also a feature of the ground-plan. 



7.2. The evolution of the phallomere complex and the phylogeny in Mantodea 



(= subgroup 1.) 



The ground-plan of the phallomere complex of Mantodea 



The features listed subsequently can be ascribed to the ground-plan of Mantodea since 

 they are true either of all investigated species (cuticular elements) or at least of 

 Sphodromantis and Mantoida (muscles), which are representatives of the two basal sister- 

 groups (subgroups 1.1. and 1.2., see below). For all these features it is not clear whether 

 they belong to the common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea or whether they are 

 autapomorphic for Mantodea. 



The following elements are absent: sclerotisations L3, R2; formative elements dca- 

 processes, hla-hook, nla-process, tre-tendon; articulations A6, A7, A8, A9; muscles 114, 

 r6, s7, s8. The L4-sclerotisations L4v/L4c, L41, and L4n are firmly connected with each 

 other in the anterior ventral wall. The right parts of L2 and Ive are level. The loa-process 

 is present. The membranous part of the pne-wall is right-dorsal. The regions Rid and 

 Rlv are not connected with each other posterior to the membranous area 17. The muscles 

 r4 and bl are present. 



