280 



the L41-region (sclerites L4A and L4B; 6.3.3.). The ventral wall is uniformly sclerotised 

 since the L4b-region has become as heavy as the primary L4-regions (6.3.3.). The Ll- 

 extension Llm, which curves into the dorsal Ive-wall, as well as articulation A2 have 

 become much broader (6.1.3.). The curving part of Llm now also sclerotises the afa- 

 process on the anterior part of the edge 1 between the pne- and Ive-pouches (6.1.3.; this 

 autapomorphy is uncertain since the homology of afa with the elements called afa in 

 Mantoida and Chaeteessa is not certain, and since afa of Metallyticus is nothing but a 

 shallow bulge). Sclerite LI is, at least in its posterior part, divided by a stripe of membrane 

 2 within the Llm-region (6.1.3.). On the right phallomere, the deepening of the left part 

 of the age-groove is very abrupt - certainly also a derived condition (6.7.3.). 



Subgroup 1.2.2.1.: Metallyticus 



The restriction of L4 (L4B-sclerite) to the anterior part of the dorsal wall seems to be an 

 autapomoiphy since in both Chaeteessa and Sphodromantis L4 or L4B occupies the whole 

 dorsal wall (6.3.3.). The phallomere-gland P has probably been lost (at least, it was not 

 found; 6.1.3.). The Rlt-region (with the pva-tooth) has separated from the Rlc-region 

 (6.7.1., 6.7.3.; like in Mantoida: compare (G) in 7.5. and grouping B (123) in 7.6.). The 

 Rld-region has expanded into the ventral wall of the pia-tooth and has largely ousted the 

 membranous area 17 (6.7.3.). 



Subgroup 1.2.2.2.: Sphodromantis 



There are several autapomorphies: The Llm-extension has become extremely broad 

 (fig. 323a; 6.1.3.). Sclerite LI is now completely divided by the membranous stripe 2 

 (sclerites LIA and LIB; 6.1.3.). The afa-process is highly elaborated (fig. 10; 6.1.3.). The 

 membranous part of the pne-wall with the phallomere-gland opening has undergone a 

 further rotation to the ventral side of the pne-pouch (6.1.3.). The sclerotisation of the loa- 

 process has been strongly reduced (6.1.3.). The tongue-like deepening of the anterior part 

 of the Ive-pouch and of L2 to the left is certainly also a derived feature since Ive and L2 

 are naiTow in both Metallyticus and Chaeteessa (6.2.3.). On the right phallomere, the 

 crescent-like curvature and the extreme deepening of the left part of the age-apodeme and 

 the resulting pouch 5 in the ventral wall of the genital pouch are derived features (fig. 6; 

 6.7.3.). The posterior part of the pia-tooth and its Rlv-sclerotisation have been reduced 

 (6.7.3.). 



LaGreca (1954) investigated the phallomeres of species of Amorphoscelididae, 

 Eremiaphilidae, Hymenopodidae, Mantidae, and Empusidae. Not many of the characters 

 dealt with in this chapter are recognisable in the figures of LaGreca or discussed in his 

 text, but at least three features are present in all these species: (1) L4 always occupies the 

 whole ventral wall of the left complex: the L4b-sclerotisation is present. (2) The 

 sclerotisations of paa and pda are always separated from each other. (3) L4 is always 

 divided into a dorsal (L4B) and a ventral (L4A) sclerite: the articulation Al is present. 

 (1) and (2) suggest that these families all belong to subgroup 1.2.; (3) additionally suggests 

 that they all belong to subgroup 1.2.2. 



