283 



anteroventral part of L41 bears the left insertions of 12 and 14 and forms a sclerite (L4K) 

 together with the L4n-region or its vestiges. The posterodorsal part contains the pda- 

 sclerotisation and, at its connection with the paa-sclerotisation (L2d-region), the posterior 

 UO-insertion and forms a sclerite (L4N) together with the L4d-region. The L4I-, L4d-, 

 and L4n-morphology of all species comprised in this subgroup follows this description 

 (muscles not known in Tryonicus) or can be derived from this situation (6.3.1., 6.3.4.). 

 (This division is completely different from the division of the L41-region in the Mantodean 

 subgroup 1.2.2. where the 12- and 14-insertions are together with L4d on the dorsal L4B 

 and the pda-sclerotisations together with the L4n-region on the ventral L4A; fig.329c). 

 Additionally, the swe-apodeme has been completely lost (6.3.1., 6.3.4.). (swe has also been 

 reduced in the Mantodean subgroup 1.2. The loss might be coiTelated with the division 

 of L41 in both groups, for which region there is now no longer any need to be stiffened. 

 For Chaeteessa, however, this explanation does not fit). 



In its ground-plan subgroup 2.2. probably possesses a muscle 110 from the Ive-pouch to 

 the common sclerotisation of paa and pda. (However, this feature is not investigated in 

 Tryonicus, and homology is not certain for 110 of Cryptocercus. In some members of 

 subgroup 2.2.3.2.2.2. 110 is missing, but this is certainly a secondary loss, compare (R) 

 in 7.5). 110 might be a posterior part of the ground-plan muscle 14, which might have 

 divided together with the L41-region (its left insertion area); in this case, the similar 

 division of 14 and the shift of the posterior part of its left insertion to the paa- and pda- 

 sclerotisation would be an autapomorphy of this subgroup. 



The L4d-sclerotisation has rotated (counterclockwise as seen from above): In Tryonicus 

 L4d is directed anteriad; in the other species L4d is directed to the left, or, after a further 

 rotation, dorsad (Lamproblatta), or it has been lost (6.3.4.). 



On the right phallomere, the pia-tooth has been lost (6.7.6.). The regions Rid and Rlv 

 have developed a broad connection at the posterior edge of the fda-lobe (i.e. the former 

 sclerites RIG and RIH have broadly fused to form RIJ; 6.7.6.). (In some more derived 

 species RIJ has additionally fused with RIF, the sclerites RIM or RIN being the results). 

 A possible autapomorphy is the extreme reduction of muscle s2 (more than in the Blattarian 

 ground-plan and in subgroup 2.1.); this feature, however, has not been investigated in 

 Tryonicus and is not assessable in Cryptocercus (6.9.). Another possible autapomorphy is 

 the sclerite-ring formed by the posterior part of LI (by the regions Lll, Llm, and Llr; 

 6.1.1., 6.1.4.; compare (P) in 7.5.). 



For this subgroup 2.2. there are two possibilities for the next subordinate sister-group 

 relation; both are supported by derived character states or possible autapomorphies. Hence, 

 there is a trichotomy not resolvable with the present state of knowledge. Alternative B, 

 followed in fig. 322 and 330, might be more probable. 



Alternative A: Holophyly of Subgroup 2.2.1. + Subgroup 2.2.3. is supported by two 

 derived character states of the hla-hook: The introversible membranous basal part 30 of 

 hla has become more extensive (hla can therefore be retracted more deeply into the left 

 complex; 6.4.3.). The base of hla has shifted posteriad (6.4.3.). These two features are 

 possibly intercorrelated (compare (M), (N) in 7.5.). A posteriad shift of the hla-base, 

 however, is also present in Cryptocercus (fig. 151; compare in 7.7.). 



