286 



on the paa-process (6.2.4.). L4N has divided into two sclerites: L4S containing the L4d- 

 region, L4T on the pda-process (6.3.4.). (The sclerotisations of paa and pda remain 

 connected). Around articulation A4 (between L2A and L2B) the Ive-pouch has developed 

 a deep recess (6.2.4.). The L4d-region has rotated into a dorsoventral orientation (6.3.4.). 

 The processes paa and pda have elaborated the cuticular invaginations boe and sbe 

 (fig. 182). The muscles 120, 121, 122, 123, and 124 have evolved (fig. 184- 188). Muscle 14 

 has been lost (like in Anaplecta: compare grouping K (133) in 7.6.). 

 On the right phallomere, the tre-tendon and its muscles b4 and s8 have been lost (6.7.5.; 

 like in subgroup 2.2.3.: compare (I) in 7.5. and grouping E (73) in 7.6.). The age-groove 

 has been lost (6.7.4.), and sclerite R2 bears an extension R2m to the left (6.7.4.; both 

 features also in Tryonicus: compare grouping G (129) and (130) in 7.6.). Muscle rl has 

 been lost (6.7.6.). 



Subgroup 2.2.2.2.2.: Ergaula + Polyphaga 



There are many autapomorphies on the left complex: Sclerite L4K has shifted to the 

 posteroventral part of the hla-base (6.3.4.). Muscle 114 has been lost and functionally 

 replaced by 14 (6.3.4., 6.4.3.). The L4-plate in the ventral vla-wall has undergone a further 

 expansion (new region L4x, larger sclerite L4M) and includes now the left insertion area 

 of 12 (6.3.4.). Additionally, this 12-insertion has shifted further anteriad and also ventrad 

 (6.3.4.). The cuticular area around sclerite L7 has been elaborated as a new lobe Iba which 

 represents the rightmost part of the vla-lobe (6.5.). 



On the right phallomere, the sclerites R2 and R3 have fused (and articulation A7 has been 

 lost; 6.7.4.). The large sclerite RIM has developed, either by a posteriad expansion of the 

 former RIF alone or, more probably, by an additional fusion of RIF and parts of the 

 former RIJ (6.7.6.; with the loss of the membranous area 17 and of the articulations A8 

 and A9 as a result; compare (H) in 7.5.). Probably in correlation with this feature (in its 

 latter interpretation) muscle r3 has been lost (6.7.6.). (The fusion of RIF and RIJ and 

 the loss of r3 have also been achieved in subgroup 2.2.3.: compare grouping F (128) and 

 (64) in 7.6.). The rge-groove on the Rlc-region has distinctly expanded posteriad (6.7.6.). 

 The pva-ridge on the Rlt-region has achieved a longitudinal orientation and has likewise 

 expanded posteriad (6.7.6.). (That means, within the RlM-sclerite, as compared with the 

 RlF-sclerites, the regions Rlc and Rlt have expanded posteriad). Sclerite R2 has 

 expanded to occupy most of the cbe-invagination and is connected with Rlt in the dorsal 

 wall of cbe (6.7.4.). The articulation A6 between R2 and Rlt has been lost (6.7.4.). (Since 

 a fusion of Rlt and R2 does not necessarily result in a loss of A6 - compare Archiblatta 

 in 6.7.4. - each of the two latter features is regarded as an autapomorphy of its own.) 



Subgroup 2.2.2.2.2.1.: Polyphaga 



The only derived feature known as compared with Ergaula is the ventral gap in the sclerite 



ring formed by the posterior part of LI (6.1.4.). r9 is a new muscle (6.7.4.; Ergaula not 

 investigated). 



