301 



(J) The presence or absence of the rge-groove 



The rge-groove (6.7.1., 6.7.6.) has been assumed to be a ground-plan element of Blattaria. 

 rge is present in Archiblatta, Eurycotis, Tryonicus, Cryptocerciis, Lamproblatta, 

 Polyphaga, and Ergaula but absent in the remaining Blattaria (subgroup 2.2.3.) and in 

 Mantodea. 



(K) The presence or absence of muscle r6 



The r6-muscle (6.7.1., 6.7.6.) has been assumed to be a ground-plan element of Blattaria. 

 r6 is present in Eurycotis, Lamproblatta, Polyphaga, and Ergaula but absent in the 

 remaining Blattaria (Cryptocercus and subgroup 2.2.3.) and in Mantodea. {Archiblatta and 

 Tryonicus not investigated.) 



A comparison between Blattaria and their outgroup Mantodea could hence lead to the view 

 that in the ground-plan of Blattaria nla, dca, rge, tre, s8, r6, and the curvature of L2 and 

 Ive are missing; Rlt is separated from Rlc, and Rlc is connected with both Rlv and Rid 

 (no articulations A8 and A9). The counterparts of these character states would then have 

 developed within Blattaria and would have to be regarded as possible autapomorphies of 

 Blattarian subgroups. From this view the following phylogenetic hypothesis could arise: 



1. Part of subgroup 2.2.3.2.2.2. (Euphyllodromia + Parcoblatta + Nyctibora) is the sister- 

 group of the other Blattaria. All remaining Blattaria have connected Rlt and Rlc. 



2. The next offshoots are Supella and Blaberus + Nauphoeta + Blaptica + Byrsotria. 

 All remaining Blattaria have developed the nla-process (lost again in Lamproblatta, 

 Ergaula, Polyphaga, and Cryptocercus) and the dca-processes (lost again in 

 Anaplecta), and they have also developed, for example, sclerite LI and region L4d 

 (both lost again in Anaplecta), the posterior branching of sclerite L2 (the first hint of 

 the arch-shape), and the division of the via-process into paa and pda. 



3. The next offshoot is Nahublattella. All remaining Blattaria have developed the 

 curvature of L2 and Ive (lost again in Cryptocercus), and they have also translocated 

 the anterior insertion of 114 from the Ive-apodeme to nla (L4n-region). 



4. The next offshoot is Anaplecta. All the remaining Blattaria have developed the rge- 

 groove, and they have also lost the Ive-apodeme and developed the contact between 

 LI and L2 (articulation A2). 



5. The next dichotomy would be questionable: Polyphaga + Ergaula could be the next 

 offshoot, with the remaining species having separated Rlc-hRlt and Rld-i-Rlv (new 

 articulations A8 and A9). Alternatively, Lamproblatta could be the next offshoot, with 

 the remaining species having developed the tre-tendon and the s8-muscle. 

 Alternatively, Cryptocercus could be the next offshoot, with the remaining species 

 having developed the r6-muscle. 



6. Eurycotis + Archiblatta and Tryonicus would represent a holophyletic group which 

 has, for example, developed a close contact between the anterior and posterior parts 

 of the L41-region and rotated the L4d-region anteriad (from a formerly leftward 

 orientation). 



7. In Eurycotis + Archiblatta the anterior and the posterior parts of the L41-region have 



