311 



RIK of these two species is uncertain since it is only indicated by a roughly similar 

 position (6.7.6.). If this state is still regarded as an autapomoi-phy of this grouping, the 

 character would be inconsistent with the many assumed autapomorphies of the Blattarian 

 subgroups 2.2.2.2. and, if RIK is not assumed to have been lost secondarily in Ergaula, 

 2.2.2.2.2. 



Grouping K: Cryptocercus + (Lamproblatta + Anaplecta) 



(133) Muscle 14 reduced or absent: from sclerite L2 to region L41 (BM: 14 present and 

 stout). 



14 is certainly stout in the common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea (6.2.1., 6.3.1.). 

 Its reduction in Cryptocercus and its loss in Lamproblatta and Anaplecta are certainly 

 apomorphic states (6.3.4.). To regard them as autapomorphies of the respective groupings 

 would be inconsistent with the many assumed autapomorphies of the subgroups 2.2.2., 

 2.2.2.2., and 2.2.3. To regard the reduction of 14 as a synapomorphy of Lamproblatta and 

 Cryptocercus (assuming parallel loss in Anaplecta) would be inconsistent with the assumed 

 autapomorphies of subgroup 2.2.2.2. However, the possibility must be considered that 14 

 was strongly reduced in the ground-plan of subgroup 2.2.2. and has enlarged secondarily 

 at the base of subgroup 2.2.2.2.2. {Polyphaga + Ergaula) where the hla-muscle 114 has 

 been lost and 14 has acquired a new function in moving the hla-hook (6.3.4.). In this case 

 the reduction in Cryptocercus and Lamproblatta would at least be homologous. 



Grouping L: Anaplecta + (Supella? + (Euphyllodromia? + (Parcoblatta + (Nyctibora? + 

 (Blaberus + Nauphoeta? + Blaptica? + Byrsotria?))))) 



(109) Sclerite LI absent (BM: LI present) (110) Process(es) dca absent (SG2.: dca present) 

 (134) Pouch pne indistinct (BM: pne distinct) (25) Muscle 11 absent: from pouch pne to 

 region L4d (BM: 11 present) (95) Region L4d absent (BM: L4d present). 



These states are certainly all apomorphic (6.1.4., 6.3.4.), and they are probably all 

 intercorrelated since (109), (110), (134), and (25) relate to reductions in the same area, 

 and (95) relates to the opposite insertion area of muscle 11. LI, dca, a distinct pne, 11, 

 and L4d are all clearly present in Nahublattella. In Supella and Euphyllodromia (109), 



(110) , (134), and (25) have not been investigated. In Nyctibora, Nauphoeta, Blaptica, and 

 Byrsotria (25) has not been investigated. 



If these character states are regarded as autapomorphies of this grouping, the characters 

 would be inconsistent with the assumed autapomorphies of subgroup 2.2.3.2. Since all 

 states relate to the reduction of elements and are intercorrelated, the assumed 

 autapomorphies of subgroup 2.2.3.2. are regarded as much more convincing: These include 

 more complicated features, e.g. the 114-translocation (79), the L4K-division (84), and the 

 12-shift (86). Moreover, the presence of LI in another species of Anaplecta (McKittrick 

 1964) might suggest that (109) is not an autapomorphy of this grouping; however, since 

 the phylogenetic position of this species within subgroup 2.2.3. is not known (the genus 

 Anaplecta is not necessarily holophyletic), this argument is not of high value. 



