318 



position and special structure - since it is not possible to identify the muscle of Ergaula 

 reliably as the 14 by a morphological comparison alone. This identification also depends 

 on a preliminary assumption of phylogenetic relationships between Polyphaga and Ergaula 

 on the one hand and Anaplecta and the remainder of Blattellidae and Blaberidae on the 

 other, and this assumption results from the distribution of the apomorphic states of other 

 characters (autapomorphies of the subgroups 2.2.2.2.2. and 2.2.3. in 7.4.). Hence, many 

 characters referring to the properties of 14 and 114 (e.g. (58) and (79) in 7.4.) would have 

 to be regarded as not (reliably) assessable in Ergaula without preliminary assumptions on 

 phylogeny. 



(2) Concern: Assignment of a certain morphology to a certain character state. 



The description of autapomorphy (27) of subgroup 2.2. (division of region L41, see in 

 7.4.) is not valid for Parcohlatta since this species has the anterior part of region L41 

 completely lost (fig. 268; compare sclerite L4U' of Blaberus, fig. 299), and it is not a priori 

 decidable if this loss was preceded by a division of L41 or not. That the condition in 

 Parcoblatta has to be assigned to character state (27), or is derived from it, can only be 

 recognised by regarding the evidence from the distribution of apomorphic states of other 

 characters revealing the close relationship between Parcoblatta and Anaplecta and 

 especially Blaberus (e.g. most autapomorphies of the superordinate subgroups 2.2.3. or 

 2.2.3.2. in 7.4.) - i.e. by practising reciprocal illumination between characters and after 

 having made prehminary assumptions on phylogenetic relationships. 



(3) Combination of concerns: Assignment of a certain morphology to a certain character 

 state and recognition of the polarity. 



In the common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea the L2-sclerotisation within the 

 Ive-pouch (regions L2m, L2a, L2p), the paa-sclerotisation (region L2d), the pda- 

 sclerotisation (posterior part of region L41), and the region L4d are all firmly connected 

 within one sclerite (e.g. Mantoida, fig.44-47). The apomorphic division of the left part of 

 L2 and the named parts of L4 (= sclerite L4N in the ground-plan of subgroup 2.2.) is 

 clearly different, and non-homologous, in Lamproblatta (resulting sclerites L2A+L4S and 

 L2C+L4T, fig.178-180) and in Nahublattella (resulting sclerites L2D and L2E+L4N, 

 fig.242-245; discussions in 6.2.4. and 6.3.4.). Non-homology can be recognised only by 

 the different position of the L4d-region: In Lamproblatta L4d is connected with the L2- 

 sclerotisation within Ive (fig. 178, 186); in Nahublattella L4d is connected with the 

 sclerotisation of the insertion area of muscle 110, fig. 244, 250); this is also the only 

 property that can serve for a description of the difference in the formulation of the 

 respective characters: 



Character 1: Division in the left posterior part of main sclerite L2 and the associated 

 parts of L4 which separates region L4d from the L2-sclerotisation within Ive but does 

 not separate L4d from the sclerotisation of the posterior insertion area of muscle 110 

 (division = articulation AlO). Character states: (0) absent; (1) present (in Nahublattella); 

 Polarity: 0>1. 



Character 2: Division in the left posterior part of main sclerite L2 and the associated 

 parts of L4 which separates region L4d from the sclerotisation of the posterior insertion 



