325 



sclerites in the ground-plan of Blattaria. (The separation of RD2d and RD21 = Rlt and 

 Rlc is realised as an apomorphic feature in some Mantodea and Blattellidae only, compare 

 in 6.7.3., 6.7.4., 7.5.(G). RDll and RDlm are separate sclerites in some Blattinae, but the 

 outgroup comparison with Mantodea suggests that this is not a ground-plan feature of 

 Blattaria.) As regards the ventral sclerotisation of the vla-lobe (RVv = L4G), it is not 

 impossible that this is an element of the right half of the phallomere complex (according 

 to Quadri 1940), but in my view this is not very probable (discussion in 3.1.). 

 The left complex is divided into the following subregions (compare Eurycotis, fig. 65-69, 

 323e, 324e, 325e, and Archiblatta, fig.53-57, 323f, 324f, 325f): 



1. LDld left part of sclerite LI (part of region Lla) 



2. LDH right part of sclerite LI (parts of regions Lla and Llm) 



3. LDlm rightmost part of sclerite LI, near articulation A2 (part of region Llm) 



4. LDlv sclerite L4F (posterior part of region L4c) + sclerotisation of paa (region 



In 6.3.1. it has been shown that the sclerotisation of the L41-region (LD21 and LD3) is 

 undivided in the common ground-plan of Blattaria and Mantodea as well as in the ground- 

 plan of Blattaria, and that this situation is retained in Archiblatta (sclerite L4C) and 

 Eurycotis (sclerite L4H). And there is no indication that L41 was present as two separate 

 sclerites in still earlier times. 



In some cases the division into subregions is based on apomorphic features of Blattinae 

 (and Polyzosteriinae): L4F is a sclerite peculiar to these groups and certainly not a ground- 

 plan element of Blattaria. The L4n-region is only in Blattinae an isolated sclerite (L4D), 

 not in Eurycotis, Tryonicus, or Anaplecta; the ground-plan situation of Blattaria, however, 

 is unclear in this respect. The branching of the posterior part of LI into several lobe-like 

 extensions (LDld, LDlm, LDH) is a consequence of the posteriad expansion of LI onto 

 the dca-processes, and in this distinct form it is certainly an apomorphic state; that LI is 

 a fusion product of several previously isolated sclerites cannot be deduced fom this 

 situation. 



As a result, there are two principal reasons to refute (1) the division into 11 subregions 

 in Blattinae as well as (2) the ascription of this division to the ground-plan of Blattaria: 

 - Neither the left nor the right side of the phallomere complex of Periplaneta (or other 

 Blattinae or Polyzosteriinae) shows a priori a composition of exactly 1 1 subregions, nor 

 does the Blattarian ground-plan show such a pattern. Most of the dividing into 

 subregions is based either on apomorphic situations in a subgroup of Blattaria (Blattinae) 

 or on arbitrary - and in my view wrong - assumptions on which sclerotisations were 

 isolated from each other in the Blattarian ground-plan. 



5. LDlvm 



6. LD21 



7. LD2d 



8. LD2v 



9. LD3 



10. LVv 



11. LVd 



L2d) 



essentially sclerite L2 (except region L2d) 



posterior part of sclerite L4C of Archiblatta (posterior part of region L41) 



sclerite L3 (on hook hla) 



sclerite L4D of Archiblatta (region L4n) 



anterior part of sclerite L4C of Archiblatta (anterior part of region L41) 

 sclerite L4E of Archiblatta (anterior part of region L4c) 

 left part of sclerite L5 of Periplaneta 



