329 



(48) L8 = N* is present. (55) L2 = L2v* and the Ive-pouch almost reach the left edge of 

 the left complex. (62) R2 = R2* and R3 = R3v* are fused. (63) RIM = R3d* is present. 

 R2 = R2* is so broad that R3 = R3v* is for most of its breadth confluent with it (compare 

 in 7.3., subgroup 2.2.2.2.2.2., and fig. 330m). Hence. Therea can be assigned to subgroup 

 2.2.2.2. {Polyphaga + Ergaula + Lamproblatta) by (48) and (55), to subgroup 2.2.2.2.2. 

 (Polyphoga + Ergaula) by (62) and (63), and to subgroup 2.2.2.2.2.2. (Ergaula) by the 

 breadth of R2, and Grandcolas is probably right in assuming a close relation between 

 Ergaula and Therea. Heterogamodes, fig.3, shows at least (48) L8 = N* and (63) RIM 

 = R3d* and can be assigned to subgroup 2.2.2.2.2. (Polyphaga + Ergaula). These 

 assignments permit treating Therea and Heterogamodes - independently of the 

 assumptions of Grandcolas - as true representatives of subgroup 2.2.2.2.2. 

 ("Polyphaginae") in the following discussions and to assume that at least all 

 autapomorphies of the subgroups 2.2., 2.2.2., and 2.2.2.2. are also present in these species 

 (if there have not occurred secondary changes). Also, the moiphology of the phallomere 

 sclerites can be expected to be at least similar to Polyphaga and Ergaula. 

 The way Grandcolas uses his terminology in Polyphaginae (excluding Cryptocercus) and 

 his homology assumptions between Polyphaginae and Cryptocercus or Periplaneta can 

 only be inferred from the figures showing Therea and Heterogamodes. The terminology 

 apphed to these two species can largely be transferred to the Polyphaginae I have studied, 

 Polyphaga and Ergaula, since for most phallomere elements the homology relations 

 between Therea I Heterogamodes and Polyphaga I Ergaula are quite evident; in some 

 other cases, however, problems arise. In combination with Grandcolas' figures on 

 Periplaneta and Ciyptocercus, this transfer allows the comparison and discussion of the 

 homology relations which are assumed for Polyphaginae (in general), Blattinae, and 

 Cryptocercus by Grandcolas and by me. Polyphaga and Ergaula (alone), Periplaneta, and 

 Cryptocercus can be compared independently of this transfer, since the homology relations 

 between these species have been discussed in chapter 6. In the following discussions (A)- 

 (F) the phallomere morphology of Therea, Heterogamodes, Polyphaga, and Ergaula 

 (designated as Polyphaginae) will be compared with that of Cryptocercus and Blattinae 

 (and. in part, Polyzosteriinae, which are closely related to Blattinae). 



Sclerite LI* sensu Grandcolas and the genital opening (A) 



Grandcolas names the sclerite next to the genital opening LI*. In Cryptocercus and Therea 

 and probably also in Hetervgamodes LI* is sclerite LI (compare fig. 3, 5. 6 of Grandcolas 

 and fig. 151). As regards the homology of LI = LI* of these three species, I agree with 

 Grandcolas. However, if LI* of Heterogamodes really is the homologue of the LI = LI* 

 of Cryptocercus, Polyphaga, and Er-gaula, the opening concerned would not be the genital 

 but the phallomere-gland opening (compare black arrow in fig. 3 of Grandcolas and P in 

 fig. 106, 121, 153). In Cryptocercus, Polyphaga, and Er-gaula the genital opening is much 

 more ventrally: the ejaculatory duct (D in fig. 122, 151) opens into the Ive-pouch, next to 

 sclerite L2 = L2v*. This relation resuhed clearly from own investigations of the internal 

 anatomy. 



In Periplaneta LI* is sclerite L5, which is situated inside the true ejaculatory duct 

 (compare in 6.5.). Since the assumption of Grandcolas that this L5 is homologous with 



